
Gass Lfjj: I 



CIRCULARS OF INFORMATION 



ff'h 



BUREAU OF EDUCATION 



No. 3—1873. 



ACCOUNT OF COLLEGE-COMMENCEMENTS FOE THE SUMMER OF 1873, IN 

MAINE, NEW HAMPSHIRE, VERMONT, MASSACHUSETTS, 

RHODE ISLAND, CONNECTICUT, NEW YORK, 

NEW JERSEY, AND PENNSYLVANIA. 



WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 

1873. 

97 






n,nr n. 



CONTENTS 



Page. 

Letter of the Commissioner to the Secretary of the Interior 13 

MAINE. 

Bowdoin College, Brunswick .■ 15 

Changes 15 

Fellowships 15 

Benefactions 15 

Library 16 

Museums 16 

New building 16 

Publications 16 

Physical education 16 

Bates College, Lewiston 16 

Preliminary 16 

New charter 17 

Additional instructors 17 

Commencement-day. — Conferring of degrees 17 

Honorary degrees 17 

Commencement-dinner. — Gifts to the College 17 

Publications 18 

Colby University, Waterville 18 

Honorary degrees «. 18 

Changes in the Faculty 18 

Scholarship-fund 18 

Library 18 

New building 18 

Notable words 18 

USTETW HAMPSHIEE. 

Dartmouth College, Hanover 20 

The oration before the Societies 20 

Commencement-day 22 

Degrees in course '. 22 

Honorary degrees 22 

New professors appointed 23 

Benefactions 23 

Scholarships 23 

Libraries 23 

Museums 23 

Specimens 24 

Works of art 24 

Donations in money 24 

New buildings . . , . 24 

Publications , 24 

99 



4 

VERMONT. 

Page. 

University of Vermont and State Agricultural College, Burlington.. 25 

Preliminary 25 

Commencement-day. — Degrees 25 

Honorary degrees 25 

New art-gallery - 25 

The library 25 

Museum 25 

Revised courses of instruction 25 

Co-education 26 

MlDDLEBURY COLLEGE, MlDDLEBURY 26 

Preliminary P 26 

Alumni-meeting _ 26 

Necrology . 26 

Anniversary exercises of the Alumni 26 

Commencement-day 27 

Degrees conferred 27 

Honorary degrees . . : 27 

Resignation of Dr. Kitchel 27 

Norwich University, Northfield 27 

Degrees in course 27 

Honorary degrees 27 

."\IASSACHUSETTS. 

Harvard University, Cambridge 28 

Commencement-day 28 

Honorary degrees 28 

Meeting of the Alumni 28 

Alumni-dinner • 29 

President Eliot's address '. 29 

Progress in the University 29 

Changes in the requisites for admission _ 30 

Education of women 30 

Election of overseers 31 

Phi-Beta-Kappa oration 31 

Gifts to the College 32 

Legacies 33 

Increase of library 33 

Finances 33 

Amherst College, Amherst 33 

The meeting of the Alumni 33 

The oration before the Societies 34 

Commencement-exercises , 36 

Degrees in course 36 

Honorary degrees 36 

Benefactions 36 

Library 36 

The museums 36 

New building 37 

Change in Faculty , 37 

Prizes 37 

Scholarships 37 

Physical culture 37 

Publications 38 

100 



Page. 

Williams College, Williamstown 38 

Preliminary exercises . -. 38 

Baccalaureate of President Chadbourue 39 

Missionary-commemoration 39 

Alumni-meetiug 39 

The Woman question 39 

Commencement proper 40 

Honorary degrees 40 

New professors appointed 41 

Legacies received during the year 41 

Gifts of money 41 

Scholarships founded since last commencement 41 

Library 1 «,... 41 

Museum 41 

Publication by a member of the Faculty 41 

Changes in studies 41 

Financial condition 42 

New buildings , ....... * 42 

Physical training 42 

Boston University, Boston 1 43 

The School of Theology : 43 

T^e School of Law 43 

The School of Medicine 43 

The College of Liberal Arts 43 

The College of Music 43 

Anderson School, Penikese Island.. 43 

Professor Agassiz's address 44 

Nature as a text-book 44 

Why the new enterprise has been delayed 45 

The difficulties explorers must encounter 45 

The programme,of instruction 46 

Self-reliance to be taught 46 

Tufts College, College Hill 47 

Commencement-exercises 47 

Degrees in course 47 

Benefactions .. " 47 

Library 47 

Museum 48 

Massachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst 4S 

Examination 46 

Degrees 48 

The Worcester Free Institute of Industrial Science, Worcester 48 

New professor 49 

Benefactions 49 

College of the Holy Cross, Worcester 49 

Degrees 49 

Mount Holyoke Seminary, South Hadley » 49 

Physical culture , .. 49 

Science and art buildings : 50 

Graduating exercises 50 

Extension of course of studies 51 

New teachers 51 

Benefactions 51 

Scholarship-fund 51 

Library.. 51 

101 



. Page. 
Mount Holyoke Seminary— Continued. 

Museum - 52 

Publicatious 52 

The Mary Lyou fund 52 

RHODE ISLAND. 

Brown University, Providence 53 

The Alumni meeting 53 

Commencement-day 54 

Degrees in course 54 

Honorary degrees conferred . 54 

The Alumni-dinner ". 54 

Changes in Faculty . 55 

Scholarships 55 

Library 55 

Museum 55 

Publications 55 

CONNECTICUT. 

Yale College, New Haven 56 

Opening of commencement- week 56 

Sheffield Scientific School 56 

Presentation-day 56 

Medical and Law Schools 57 

Meeting of the Alumni 57 

Report of the committee on tbe Woolsey fund 57 

Election of new members of the corporation 58 

Commencement-day 58 

Honorary degrees 58 

The Alumni-dinner 58 

Changes and additions to the Faculty .• 61 

New fellowship 62 

Benefactions 62 

The library 63 

The museum 64 

New building of the Sheffield Scientific School 65 

Publications 65 

Trinity College, Hartford 65 

Preliminary exercises 65 

College-convocation 66 

Commencement proper 66 

Honorary degrees 66 

Additional course contemplated 66 

New professors appointed 66 

Benefactions 67 

Library 67 

New buildings .67 

Publications 67 

Wesleyan University, Middletown 67 

Change of time for commencement 67 

Show of physical culture 67 

Commencement 68 

Honorary degrees 68 

New departments 68 

102 



Page. 
Wesleyan University — Continued. 

New professors 68 

Endowment of new professorships 68 

Change in course of studies 69 

Co-education of the sexes „ 69 

Legacies and henefactions 69 

Salaries of officers 69 

Property of the Institution „ 69 

Scholarship founded since last commencement 70 

Library 70 

Museum 70 

Publications 70 

]Nr:E"W YORK. 

University of New York, New York 71 

Degrees in course 71 

Honorary degrees •. _ 71 

Increase or changes 71 

Free lectures 71 

Publications 72 

College op the City op New York, New York „ 72 

Commencement 72 

College op St. Francis Xavier, New York 72 

Commencement 72 

Saint John's College, Fordham 73 

Commencement ". 73 

Addresses and degrees 73 

Columbia College, New York 73 

Degrees in course 74 

Honorary degrees 74 

Library 91 

Museum ■. 91 

New building 91 

Publications 91 

Saint Stephen's College, Anandale 74 

Degrees in course 74 

New building 74 

Change of professor 75 

Kutgers Female College, New York 75 

Address before the Alumntu 75 

Commencement-day 75 

Degrees ,. 75 

Library 75 

Museum 75 

Publications 76 

Deaths of benefactors 76 

Progress during the yeai 76 

Endowment 76 

Vassar College, Poughkeefsie 76 

Preliminary 76 

The meeting of the trustees 76 

Commencement-day 77 

Degrees conferred 77 

Benefactions 77 

163 



Page. 

Vassae ' College— Continued. 

Library 77 

Museum 77 

New buildings 77 

Publications 77 

Finances 78 

Entrance-examinations 78 

Union College, Schenectady 78 

Proceedings of the Alumni 79 

Commencement 79 

Honorary degrees 79 

Benefactions 79 

Library 80 

Museum ,. 80 

New buildings 80 

Publications 80 

Madison University, Hamilton ' 8^ 

Sunday-exercises 80 

School of Theology 81 

New Delta-Upsilon hall 81 

Commencement-day 81 

Degrees in course 81 

Honorary degrees 81 

New professor 81 

Benefactions 82 

New building 82 

University of Rochester, Rochester 82 

Sunday-sermon 82 

Meeting of Alumni 82 

Meeting of trustees 83 

Commencement-addresses 83 

Degrees in course 83 

Honorary degrees S3 

Benefactions 84 

Increase of library 84 

New building 84 

Standing of the University 84 

Cornell University, Ithaca 84 

Notable words 85 

Commencement-exercises 85 

Degrees in course 85 

New professorship created 85 

New professors chosen 85 

Benefactions 86 

Library 86 

New buildings 86 

Publications , 86 

St. Lawrence University, Canton 86 

Preliminary exercises 86 

Commencement-day 86 

Degrees in course 86 

New professors and president ...„ 87 

New professorship created 87 

Benefactions 87 

104 



Page. 

St. Lawrence University — Continued. 

Library « 87 

Proposed advance 87 

Ingham University, Le Roy 87 

New professors 87 

Benefactions 88 

Courses of study 88 

Department of the Arts 88 

Physical education 88 

Library, apparatus, &c 88 

Cabinets of science and the arts ■ 86 

Degrees 89 

Syracuse University, Syracuse „ ' 89 

Historical addresses - 89 

Commencement-degrees . 90 

Honorary degrees 90 

New department 90 

Hobart College, Geneva 90 

Honorary degree 91 

Wells College for Women, Aurora 91 

Reported benefaction 91 

Alfred University, Alfree 91 

Degrees 91 

ZrSTETV^ JERSEY. 

College of New Jersey, Princeton : 92 

Preliminary. — Caledonian games 92 

Baccalaureate-Sunday 92 

Last words to the graduating class 93 

Physical training. — Gymnastic exhibition 94 

Class-day presentation 94 

Oration before the Literary Societies 94 

New library-building J - 94 

New School of Science. — Inaugural address 95 

Commencement-day 95 

Degrees in course 96 

Fellowships 1 - 96 

Honorary degrees 96 

New departments 96 

Changes in the curriculum 96 

New professorships created .97 

Gifts 97 

New buildings.... — 97 

Publications ■ 97 

Endowments, &c, since 1869 97 

Rutgers College, New Brunswick 98 

Alumni-meeting 98 

Oration before the Alumni 98 

New professorships of English literature and journalism '. 99 

Other gifts „ 99 

Commencement-day. — Degrees conferred 99 

Honorary degrees .' 99 

Legacies 100 

Gifts 100 

105 



10 

Page. 

Rutgers College— Continued. 

Library 100 

Museum 100 

New buildings 100 

Publications 101 

Seton Hall College, South Orange 101 

Degrees conferred '. 101 

Library 101 

PBNNS YL -VA.N IA. . 

University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 102 

Commencement-day . ... 102 

Honorary degrees 102 

New department 102 

New professors appointed within the year 103 

New professorship created • 103 

Benefactions 103 

Library 103 

Museum 103 

New buildings 104 

Publications 104 

Lafayette College, Easton 104 

Alumni-day 105 

Pardee Hall 105 

Commencement-day 106 

Degrees 106 

Honorary degrees 106 

Benefactions 106 

Scholarship 106 

New buildings 106 

Other gifts 106 

Patristic studies 107 

Deceased professors 107 

Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg 107 

Theological Seminary 107 

Meeting of the Board of College-Trustees 107 

Resignation of the president 108 

Commencement-day 108 

Degrees conferred in course 108 

Honorary degrees - 108 

New professors 108 

Benefactions 108 

Library 108 

New buildings 108 

Publications 108 

Swarthmore College, Swarthmore 108 

Degrees 109 

New department 109 

New professors appointed 109 

Benefactions , 109 

Library...! 109 

Museum , 109 

Degrees conferred by the College 109 

Co-education 110 

106 



11 

Page. 

Polytechnic College or Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 110 

Degrees conferred 110 

Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster Ill 

Degrees Ill 

Honorary degrees ,. Ill 

New professors Ill 

New professorship Ill 

Benefactions Ill 

New buildings Ill 

Llncoln University, Oxford Ill 

Degrees Ill 

Keception of Liberian youths 112 

University at Lewisbtjrg 112 

Honorary degrees 112 

New department 113 

Library 113 

Muhlenberg College, Allentown 113 

Degrees in course , 113 

New professorship 113 

Endowment-fund 113 

Library 113 

Lebanon- Valley College, Annville 113 

Commencement „._ 114 

Honorary degree 114 

New department 114 

New professors 114 

Benefactions , 114 

Co-education 114 

Departments of study 114 

Agricultural College op Pennsylvania, Centre County 114 

Commencement 115 

New professors 115 

Dickinson College, Carlisle 115 

Honorary degrees 115 



Table of Degrees conferred 116 

107 



LETTEE 



Department of the Interior, 

Bureau of Education, 

Washington, D. C, August, 1873. 
Sir : A' very large amount of material is every year published 
respecting college-commencements, which is lost to educators from the 
way in which it is put before the public. A still larger and more valu- 
able amount of information on this subject might easily be collected, if 
pains were taken to inquire about it, and to offer an opportunity for pub- 
lication in a permanent form. 

The accompanying pages, prepared by direction of the Commissioner. 
and revised by him, are the partial result of such inquiry, and are re- 
spectfully recommended for publication as a Circular of Information. 
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

CHAS. WABKEX, 



Acting Commissioner, 



Hon. Columbus Delano, 



Secretary of the Interior. 



Approved and printing ordered. 



B. Pv. COWEK, 

Acting Secretary of the Interior 



109 



MAINE. 



BOWDOIN COLLEGE, BRUNSWICK. 

The annual commencement of this oldest of Maine colleges, the alma 
mater of Hawthorne and Lougfellow, of one President of the United 
States, and of at least eight presidents of colleges, was held on Wednes- 
day, July 9. 

The degrees conferred in course were, A. B., 40 ; A. M., 17 : M. D., 14. 
No honorary degrees were granted. 

CHANGES. 

The changes for the year have been an almost entire renewal of the 
faculty, a creation of two new professorships of physiology and natural 
history, and an enlargement and systematizing of the post-graduate 
course. This course embraces four departments, of letters, science? 
philosophy, and medicine, and the prosecution of the studies of any one 
of these for two years at the college, after graduation, entitles the 
student to the degree of A. M., Sc. D., Ph. D., or M. D., according to 
the course pursued. Other graduates of the academical department 
receive the degree of A. M. in course only on the presentation of evi- 
dence that they have for three years pursued liberal or professional 
studies in some regular way, or on their sustaining, at the end of that 
time, an examination in the advanced studies of the School of Letters. 

The demand for what is deemed by some a more practical course of 
instruction than that usually afforded in our colleges has induced the 
trustees and overseers to provide also for a scientific course of study, to 
run parallel with the classical course, securing to those who prosecute 
it for four years the degree of Sc. B., or C. E. 

FELLOWSHIPS. 

Graduates who have completed with honor any one of the series of 
studies in the post-graduate course, may be appointed Felloivs, to reside 
at college, with all the privileges of the same, one or two years further? 
without charge, enjoying facilities for studies still more advanced, and 
opportunities for teaching in the line of their specialties. 

BENEFACTIONS. 

Gifts of money received since last commencement, $10,000. No report 
of the object or objects for which this amount has been donated. 



16 

LIBRARY. 

The increase of the library for the year past has been, from purchase. 
500 vols.; from gifts, 250 vols., besides 100 pamphlets. 

MUSEUMS. 

The additions to the museums in the year are reported to be " too 
many to be specified." 

NEW BUILDING. 

By the munificence of Hon. Peleg W. Chandler, of Boston, the upper 
portion of Massachusetts Hall is in process of renovation, with a view to 
its use for a museum of natural history, in memory of the late Professor 
Barter Cleaveland. It is to be named the "Cleaveland Cabinet of 
Natural History," and to cost $12,000. 

PUBLICATIONS. 

Manual of Civil Engineering, by Professor G. L. Vose, 2 vols. 8°. 
(Lee &Shepard.) 

Sermons, by Professor E. C. Cummings, 1 vol. 8°. 

Memoir of Professor T. G. Upham, by Professor A. S. Packard, pam- 
phlet. 8°. 

Triennial catalogue, and two annual catalogues. 

PHYSICAL EDUCATION. 

Ill order to promote a symmetrical and manly education, much atten- 
tion is now given to physical culture. The exercises are based upon 
physiological and hygienic principles, and are directed, not with a view 
to make professional experts, but to make the development of the 
bodily powers tend at the same time to the discipline of the mind. 

It is the intention, in order to secure proper and sufficient physical ex- 
ercise, to alternate between gymnastic and military exercises. At present 
the requirements are the gymnastic drill from the latter part of Octo- 
ber to the end of the second term, and the military drill from the begin- 
ning of the summer-term to the middle or latter part of October. 



BATES COLLEGE, LEWISTON. 

PRELIMINARY. 

The exercises of anniversary-week at Bates College, the youngest 
college in New England, opened with the baccalaureate-sermon by 
President Cheney, at the Main Street Eree Baptist Church, on Sunday? 
June 22. The theme of the discourse was " The Blade-Life of the Col" 
lege, and what it promises." On the subject of the higher education of 
women the speaker said : " It had been but recently that girls were 

112 



17 

allowed equal advantages with boys in our public schools. Woman had 
been admitted into high-schools, academies, and seminaries ; but why- 
should her education stop with these places of learning ? Could any- 
candid person say why she should not be allowed the privileges of a col- 
lege % Who could desire to stand at the college-door to pass in young 
men without brains or character, as was sometimes the case, and keep 
out young women, who had talent, scholarship, social standing, moral 
worth, and a conscientious feeling to recommend them ? This problem 
had remained unsolved in New England until the year 1865, when Bates, 
though at the expense of ridicule, threw open her doors to the educa- 
tion of men and women equally." 

NEW CHARTER. 

At the meeting of the board of trustees on Tuesday the new charter 
of the college was unanimously accepted, and the board of fellows 
organized. 

ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTORS. 

Mr. Clarence A. Beckford and Mr. Frank W. Cobb were chosen to be 
tutors in the college. 

COMMENCEMENT-DAY — CONFERRING: OF DEGREES. 

The exercises of commencement-day were held Wednesday, Jane 25, 
in the Baptist Church. The degree of A. B. was conferred on eighteen 
members of the graduating class, one of the number being a lady. The 
degree of A. M. was conferred on six former graduates. 

HONORARY DEGREES. 

The honorary degree of LL. D. was conferred upon Hon. Asa Eeding- 
ton, of Lewiston; that of D. D. upon Professor Bansom Dunn, of Hills- 
dale College, Michigan ; that of A. M. upon Hon. Benj. E. Bates, of 
Boston ; and that of Ph. D. upon Professor A. B. Meservey, of New 
Hampton, New Hampshire. 

COMMENCEMENT-DINNER — GIFTS TO THE COLLEGE. 

At the commencement-dinner on Thursday, the 2Gth, after a very 
satisfactory financial statement by the president, Mr. Benj. Edward 
Bates, of Boston, pledged $100,000 for an endowment-fand, provided an 
equal sum should be raised by the friends of the college. Mr. Wood, of 
Boston, thereupon added a pledge of $50,000 ; the Baptist Educational 
Society pledged $25,000; Hon. Mr. Frye, M. C, pledged $500 ; Mrs. E. 
W. Page offered $1,000 on condition that the 100 ladies present would 
make it $5,000 ; several ministers pledged $100 each j Mr. Wood, of 
Boston, the same who had pledged $50,000, pledged $5 for each of the 
100 ladies present. The friends of the college feel assured that the 
fund will soon be increased to three hundred thousand dollars. 
2 E 113 



18 

PUBLICATIONS. 

The Bates Student; a monthly magazine published by the students. 



WATERVILLE. 

At the commencement, July 24, the fifty-second anniversary of the 
foundation of this institution, 10 young gentlemen received the degree 
of A. B. in course ; 3 that of A. M. in course. 

HONORARY DEGREES 

were bestowed at the same time, thus : A. M. on Eev. C. M. Herring, 
Houlton-, Maine ; Eev. A. S. Ladd, Biddeford, Maine ; and P. S. Warren, 
Methuen, Massachusetts — 3. D. D. on Eev. Win. Tilly, of Sidney, Maine ; 
Eev. Nath. Butler, of Leavenworth, Kansas; and Eev. W. H. Alden, of 
Portsmouth, New Hampshire — 3. LL. D. on Eev. J. T. Champlin, 
D. D., the retiring president; and on A. P. Stone, esq., superintendent 
of schools in Springfield, Massachusetts — 2. 

CHANGES IN THE FACULTY. 

Dr. J. T. Champlin. after many years of service, retires from the 
presidency of the university, and is succeeded by Eev. Henry E. Eob- 
ins, D. D. Prof. C. E. Hamlin, who for twenty years has occupied the 
chair of chemistry and natural history, has resigned to take a posi- 
tion in Prof. Agassiz's museum of natural history at Cambridge, Massa- 
chusetts, Prof. Wm. Elder, formerly of Acadia College, Nova Scotia, 
succeeding him at Colby; while Mr. J. D. Taylor, who has served for 
five years as Latin tutor, has been appointed professor of the Latin 
language and literature. 

SCHOLARSHIP-FUND. 

The fund for aiding worthy students in the prosecution of their studies 
at the university amounts now to $51,282. No increase for the year 
reported. 

LIBRARY. 

The library, now amounting to 10,000 volumes, has received in money 
for the year $500. 

NEW BUILDING. 

A cabinet and laboratory, costing $27,000. 

NOTABLE WORDS. 

At the dinner which followed the commencement-exercises, Governor 
Perham responded to the call of the president in a pleasant address. 

114 



19 

Speeches from several other gentlemen followed, among which it was 
gratifying to hear from Eton. J. H. Drummond, late attorney-general of 
the State, and Hon. J. G. Blaine, Speaker of the United States House 
of Bepresentatives, most emphatic commendation of the old system of 
thorough training as heretofore maintained at this college, iu opposition 
to the "elective" systems, now becoming popular in our collegiate 
institutions. 



NEW HAMPSHIRE. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE, HANOVER. 

The baccalaureates-erinon of President Smith, which opened the ex- 
ercises of commencement-week, dealt with the great theme of '' Prayer 
as a Power" — a power alike with God and man ; a power for good over 
one's self, and through God's blessing over all around, b inging Heaven's 
strength to aid the weak, and Heaven's comfort to sustain the suffering, 
and Heaven's grace to purify the sinful, and Heaven's healing to raise up 
the sick. Of course, in this connection, Professor Tyndall's proposition 
was referred to, not in the denunciatory terms some have adopted, but 
with expressions of "something akin to reverence" for one that has 
penetrated the deep mysteries of nature, from glacier-heights to central 
fires, and shed the light of genius over the broad field of science. Respect- 
ing such a man — no atheist, no infidel, but a reverent student of God's 
ways of working — Christian charity should utter no words of scorn. 
His proposition was to be regarded simply as a pardonable error of a 
scientific man looking too much for visible and tangible evidence of an 
answer to petitions which might return into the bosom of the offerer, 
and might bring thousands of spiritual answers invisible to human eye. 

THE OKATION BEFORE THE SOCIETIES. 

This exercise, from a new and rising man, had been looked forward 
to as one of the chief points of interest in the week. On Wednesday 
afternoon, in consequence, the church in which it was to be delivered was 
densely filled. After prayer by Dr. Davis, and music by the Mendels- 
sohn Quintette Club, the president introduced to the assembly White- 
law Eeid, esq., of the Xew York Tribune, who spoke for an hour and a 
half in his easy, conversational style. He welcomed the opportunity for 
presenting a question of vital importance to this assembly of scholars, 
and to the country they ought to serve. It seemed the fit occasion for 
saying something of the duty of the American scholar to be a politician, 
and of his duty as a politician. " The topic has not, indeed, been always 
thought grateful to academic ears ; certainly it has not been the custom 
to devote these hours of literary festival to affairs seemingly most re- 
mote from literature; to invite the scholar into the ward-meeting, or 
the caucus, instead of Parnassus; to urge him to the study of congress- 
ional reports and the work and cards of candidates as the business of 
his life. Very different objects of thought and of aspiration have, on 
these high-days of the college-year, been more commonly pressed. To 
make worthy contributions to science, to leave your language the richer 

116 



21 

by something which the scholars of a later time would not let die — that 
has been the more frequent appeal. The scholar has been assumed to 
dwell apart, and consecrate himself to higher than every-day affairs. 
He was to do noble thinking ; he was to rule in the realm of ideas ; he 
was to adorn the learned professions. But I am emboldened to a more 
practical discussion by an address delivered before those very societies 
by an American scholar and thinker, who, while yet flourishing among 
us in his green and honored old age, has been translated, before his 
time, but nut before his desert, to our American Walhalla. Said Mr. 
Ealph Waldo Emerson, before the united literary societies of Dart- 
mouth College, in 1838 : ' The scholar may lose himself in schools, 
in words, and become a pedant ; but when he comprehends his duties, 
he, above all men, is a realist, and converses with things. For the 
scholar is the student of the world ; and of what worth the world is, 
and with what emphasis it accosts the good of man, such is the worth, 
such the call of the scholar.' Fortified by that high teaching, there 
may be the less hesitation in asking you to leave scholastic themes for 
the hour, and pass to the broader plane of public affairs." 

After urging the importance of political pursuits, and the special 
duty of scholars to assume a leadership in them, the speaker dwelt upon 
the fact that this was no longer the era of sentimental politics, but of 
practical problems, some of which seemed likely to form the nuclei for 
new. parties in the near future. He asked : " How are you going to stop 
official stealing'? I do not wish to enter into particulars, since it might 
touch untenderly, and on all sides, partisan sores ; but the general fact 
everybody knows. Corruption and theft have been rampant in all the 
great cities, with the police as their tools for controlling elections, and 
the judges (in New York and Philadelphia at least) as their tools for 
wresting the law to their purpose. It is not an affair of one party. 
Every party under heaven that has had a chance has taken its share in 
the plunder. How are you going to control your corporations ? They 
have spread over the land with a growth like that of Jonah's gourd, but 
with a texture that no hot sun yet seen can wither. Creatures of the 
State, they control and command the legislature of the State. Servants 
of the people, they are making themselves the masters. Already the 
western masses are in revolt, and they promise, in their rage, to go to 
extremes quite as unwarranted as their antagonists have dared, and far 
more violent. Shall we cripple the corporations by invidious legisla- 
tion, thus retarding the development of the country, or shall the Gov- 
ernment go into the railroad business on its own account, as young- 
Charles Francis Adams has proposed ? How shall the rights of the 
people be protected without impairing their interests ? How shall the 
power of the corporation be diminished without destroying its useful- 
ness % It is but another phase of the same great problem that is al- 
ready pressing at the East. What shall be the relations between the 
men with labor, skilled or unskilled, to sell, and the men with money to 

117 



22 

buy it? What relations exist now, you know. They are merely those of 
armed observation and truce. Every month or two the truce is broken 
somewhere, with varying fortune for the contestants, but generally with 
wasteful cost, and no substantial profit to either. Very rarely do we 
yet see on either side of the water an application of that beneficent 
principle which Horace Greeley endured infinite abuse for first introduc- 
ing to the American attention — the one vital tenet of the philosophy 
of the half-crazy, half-inspired Francois Marie Charles Fourier — the 
doctrine of co-operation among laborers, who thus become their own 
capitalists." Mr. Eeid also spoke at some length on suffrage. A dis- 
cussion of the other functions of the more highly educated classes in 
our modern politics, and a reference to the illustrious son of Dartmouth 
who had so well illustrated them in the Treasury and as Chief Justice, 
closed the address. 

Some other aspects of this address, which was delivered also at Am- 
herst, may be seen in the notice of the commencement there. 

COMMENCEMENT-DAY. 

At ten o'clock the undergraduates, the graduating class, the president 
in his official robes, the faculty, the trustees, and the alumni, marched in 
order through the campus to the college-church, where, after prayer by 
the president and addresses by fifteen members of the class, including 
one poem, the following degrees were conferred : 

IN COURSE. 

A. B., 72 ; A. M., 17; M. D., 21 ; C. E., 2 ;* Sc. B., 13 ; (in agricultural 
course, 4.) 

HONORARY. 

A. M. : Professor O. P. Hubbard, of New Haven, Connecticut ; Pro- 
fessor Arthur S. Hardy, of Dartmouth ; General John C. Palfrey, of 
Lowell, Massachusetts ; Professor Peter S. Michie, of West Point, New 
York ; Hon. H. W. Blair, of Plymouth, New Hampshire ; Whitelaw 
Eeid, esq., of New York, and Edmund C. Stedman, of the same city; 
Geo. L. Andrew s and Jos. E. Parkman, (residence not given) — 9. D. D. : 
Eev. Allen Hazen, of India, and Professor J. J. Blaisdell, of Beloit Col- 
lege— 2. LL. D. : Hon. Geo. F. Skepley, of Portland, Maine ; Hon. 
Chas. Doe, of Eollinswood, New Hampshire; and Eichard B. Kimball, 
esq., of New York — 3. 

At the commencement-dinner President Smith said that the institution, 
now a hundred and four years old, is yet in the flower of her useful- 
ness. He could take those who had not appeared in the exercises of the 
day and furnish another commencement next week, that he would not be 
ashamed to have represent the college. He had previously paid the 
class the high compliment of telling them that if a better had ever grad- 
uated from the institution he did not know it. 

* On graduates of Thayer School. 
118 



23 

NEW PROFESSORS APPOINTED. 

1. Benjamin T. Blanpied, appointed assistant professor of chemistry 
in the New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts. 

2. Edward S. Dunster, M. D,, appointed professor of obstetrics in the 
medical department. 

BENEFACTIONS. 

From legacy, $1,695.41 out of the estate of the late Aaron Law- 
rence, esq., of Amherst, New Hampshire, in addition to two previous 
payments. 

From gifts, about $5,000 added to a preceding gift by B. W. Stough- 
ton, esq., of New York, for the medical department, and $7,000 from the 
State of New Hampshire for the College of Agriculture and the Me- 
chanic Arts. 

At the alumni-dinner on commencement-day President Smith an- 
nounced also the completion, by Mr. J. Conant, of Jaffrey, of his noble 
donation of $60,000 for the erection of another agricultural hall, which 
is now in process of erection. He further spoke of a legacy of $10,000 
to come to the college from the estate of the late Mr. Kingman, of Bar- 
rington, and of another $10,000 from the estate of the late Chief Justice 
Chase. These will probably come into the treasury during the next 
year. 

SCHOLARSHIPS. 

Since last commencement there have been two new scholarships of 
$60 per annum founded, by the gift of $1,000 each, from Thaddeus Fair- 
banks, esq., of Saint Johnsbury, YermoDt, and Rev. William T. Savage, 
D. D., of Franklin, New Hampshire. 

About $9,000 are annually appropriated in the form of scholarships. 
This sum is derived : (1) from the income of certain lands granted long 
ago by the State of New Hampshire ; (2) from a fund which was con- 
tributed by various persons many years ago in aid of students prepar- 
ing for the ministry ; (3) from permanent and temporary scholarships 
provided by individuals or associations : (1) from other moneys put 
into the hands of the president for benevolent purposes. 

LIBRARIES. 

The several libraries of the college and its societies now amount to 
46,000 volumes, and are annually increased* by appropriations and do- 
nations. The increase of the college-library for the past year has been, 
from purchase, 650 volumes ; from gifts, 450 ; with 100 pamphlets. 

MUSEUMS. 

For the agricultural department a State museum of general and ap - 
plied science has been commenced, and several hundred specimens pur- 
chased in Europe. One-half of the specimens accruing from the State 

119 



24 

geological survey, now in progress, have been devoted by the legisla- 
ture to this department. 

The additions to the college-museums, as reported by Professor Hitch- 
cock, are the following: 

SPECIMENS. 

1. One thousand species of New Hampshire insects, labeled and col- 
lected by C. P. Whitney, of Milford, New Hampshire. 

2. Large models from H. A. Ward, Rochester, New York. Megathe- 
rium, Plesiosaurus, Elephas-Colossochelys, Glyptodon, and Dinothe- 
rium. Eaised map of South of Prance ; raised map of Mont Blanc re- 
gion, Switzerland. Models of Welcome gold nugget and of platinum 
ore. 

3. About 3,000 geological specimens placed on deposit by Professor 
Hitchcock. 

WORKS OF ART. 

Portrait of E. R. Peaslee, M. D., New York ; also of Sampson Occun, 
through Benjamin F. Prescott, and of John Conant, esq., from himself. 

IN MONEY. 

Two hundred and fifty dollars from Professor Henry Fairbanks, of 
Saint Johnsbury, Vermont, used in payment for the collection of insects. 

One thousand dollars from college funds and friends in payment for 
the casts and models from H. A. Ward. Some of their names are the 
following: 

E. P. Peaslee, of New York, $100 ; J. P. Cake, of Boston, $100 5 Hor- 
ace Hatch, of New York, $50 ; J. E. Parsons, of New York, $50 ; J. S. 
Washburn, of New York, $50; Joseph Seligman, of New York, $25; 
College-funds, $500. 

The specimens deposited by Professor Hitchcock are valued at $1,500. 

NEW BUILDINGS. 

A new hall for the Alpha-Delta-Phi Society was dedicated June 25. 
The new Conant Hall for the agricultural department not yet completed. 

PUBLICATIONS. 

Catalogue for 1872-'73. Triennial catalogue. 



120 



VERMONT. 



COLLEGE, BUBLINGTON. 

PRELIMINARY. 

The baccalaureate-serinon was preached on Sunday, July 6, by Pres- 
ident Beekham. 

COMMENCEMENT-DAY . — DEGREES. 

The exercises of the graduating class occurred on Wednesday, July 
9. After the usual speaking by the young gentlemen, the president 
conferred the degree of A. B. on twelve members of the graduating 
class. 

HONORARY DECREES. 

Contrary to the custom which has widely prevailed in our colleges, 
the university this year conferred no honorary degrees. 

NEW ART-CALLERY. 

Through the munificence of Hon. T. W. Park, of Bennington, an art- 
gallery will soon be added to the university. Measures have already 
been taken to prepare a suitable building for the purpose. Several gen- 
tlemen of means and influence, together with eminent artists, have 
promised to form the nucleus by the gift of valuable works of art. 

THE LIBRARY. 

The library now contains about 15,000 volumes, selected with special 
reference to the several departments of study. 



The museum has been recently re-arranged, and important additions 
have been made by donation and exchange. Including the private 
collections of the professors, it contains about 52,000 specimens in the 
various departments of natural history. 

REVISED COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. 

The variety in its courses of study enables the university to meet the 
needs of all classes of students. The classical course, time-honored, 
and never to be superseded as an instrument of liberal culture, retains 
its due prominence. The agricultural-college fund is devoted to the 
maintenance of scientific courses, branching after the first year into the 

121 



26 

departments of civil engineering, mining engineering, and agricultural 
and general chemistry. Besides these courses, a literary-scientific course 
has been recently established, embracing Latin and the modern languages, 
and various branches of science, physical, political, mental, and moral. 
Persons not candidates for a degree may pursue select courses for any 
length of time. 

Special prominence is given to literary and English studies, to com- 
position and public speaking, in connection with the scientific depart- 
ments. The university has also a flourishing medical department. 

CO-EDUCATION. 

The institution offers its facilities for instruction to persons of both 
sexes. During the past year eight young women have been in attend- 
ance. The sentiment of the community is in favor of giving this ex- 
periment a fair and courteous trial. The young men have conducted 
themselves with entire propriety toward their new associates. 



MIDDLEBURY COLLEGE, MIDDLEBURY. 

PRELIMINARY. 

The commencement-exercises of Middlebury College began on Sunday 
July 13, with the baccalaureate-sermon, preached by President Kitchel, 
in the Congregational Church. 

ALUMNI-MEETING. 

At the alumni-meeting the committee appointed to secure a library- 
endowment fund, reported that $1,500 had been raised as a permanent 
fund. 

NECROLOGY. 

The report of the necrology of the alumni showed that five members 
of the alumni had died during the past year. 

ANNIVERSARY EXERCISES OF THE ALUMNI. 

On Wednesday at 11 o'clock, the alumni listened to an oration by Rev. 
L. A. Austin, class of 1856, principal of Kimball Union Academy. His 
theme was " The duty of men of culture to take up the issue against 
corruption and fraud in politics and government." The speaker said : 

The appeal of the country to the scholar has not yet been generally heard. It is a 
charge made with some measure of justice against educated men that they keep aloof 
from the affairs of common life. Too often is the scholar a recluse. Among his hooks 
he feels most at home, and this hoine-feeling, as it is indulged, gradually comes to ex- 
ercise a kind of tyranny over him, forbidding his engaging in public affairs, and by 
and by his sechision has unfitted him for the duties which he might have nobly done, 
had he taken them up seasonably. Professional study in particular becomes most ab- 
]22 



27 

sorbing. The rivalries of professional life stimulate him to devote himself -wholly to 
his work. The pride of professional success holds multitudes to sxiecial studies, shutting 
their ears against all calls to work in other and wider fields. They have no time and 
no taste for making, as they ought, service to the country a part of their business. 
Their leisure is, as the scholar's taste delights to have it, elegant leisure. 

COMMENCEMENT-DAT 

occurred on Wednesday, July 16. The exercises consisted of an ora- 
tion by each member of the graduating class, and the master's oration 
by Mr. H. S. Perrigo, class of 1870, principal of the State normal-school 
at Johnson. 

DEGREES CONFERRED. ■ 

In the absence of official information it is taken for granted that the 
degree of A. B. was conferred on nine young men, the number of the 
senior class, as given in the last annual catalogue. 

HONORARY DECREES. 

The honorary degree of A. M. was conferred upon A. E. Sabin and 
T. 0. Cronin — 2. That of D. D. was conferred upon Eev. Heman Eood, 
of Hanover, New Hampshire, and Eev. Herman Barnum, of Turkey — 2. 

RESIGNATION OF DR. KTTCHEL. 

The college has lost an able and every way admirable president, by 
the resignation of Dr. Kitchel. On account of the precarious condition 
of his health he felt himself compelled to retire from a j)osition to which 
so many cares are incident. His successor is as yet unknown. 



NOEWICH TTNIVEESITY, NOETHFIELD. 

The 39th commencement of Norwich came on Thursday, June 26. 
The exercises of the day began on the parade-ground with infantry- drill, 
review, dress-parade, artillery-drill, &c. The rhetorical exercises were 
at Saint Mary's Church, Northfield, in which also were delivered an 
oration by the Eev. A. B. Flanders, on " The Workmen and their Work," 
and a poem by Captain C. A. Curtis, of the University. 

DEGREES IN COURSE. 

The graduating class consisted of nine members, of whom all received 
the customary A. B. Two others received that of Sc. B. in course for 
continued prosecution of scientific studies, and one more that of Sc. M. 
for still further continuance in these. 

HONORARY DEGREES. 

A. M., Nathan B. Cobb and Julius J. Etsey — 2. Eesidence not given. 

123 



MASSACHUSETTS. 



HARVARD UNIVERSITY, CAMBRIDGE. 

Commencement- week at Harvard began June 24, with the exercises 
of the Divinity School, which constitute what is termed the Annual 
Visitation, this being the fifty-seventh. These exercises took place in 
Appleton Chapel, and consisted of dissertations by members of the 
graduating class and an address to the alumni by the Eev. Charles Lowe. 
The practical portion of Mr. Lowe's address related to a prospective 
change in the course of this department. He suggested that the time 
of study be lengthened from three to four or five years ; that the student 
spend some portions of this time in the school and others in ministerial 
work, serving with some minister of good standing a sort of ministerial 
apprenticeship ; and that he be allowed to preach during his term of 
study, at least in its later years. 

COMMENCEMENT-DAY. 

On the sunny 25th came the two hundred and thirty-second com- 
mencement, largely attended by the alumni and distinguished friends of 
this most Venerable of American collegiate institutions. The exercises, 
presided over by President Eliot, were held in Appleton Chapel. Fifteen 
dissertations, ten disquisitions, and two orations had been assigned to 
members of the graduating class for meritorious diligence in the prose- 
cution of their academic course ; but only six of these were actually 
pronounced, one Latin and three English dissertations, one English dis- 
quisition, and one oration. 

The degrees conferred were as follows : A. B., 129 ; Sc. B., 7 ; Sc. D., 
1; Mining Eng., 2; Ph.D., 2; LL.B.,30; D.B.,2; M. D.41; Doc. Dent. 
Med., 5. 

HONORARY DEGREES. 

No honorary degrees, so called, were bestowed. The degree of iScientice 
Doctor (doctor of physics) was given to Professor Trowbridge, and two 
recent graduates were made doctors of philosophy. But these degrees — 
the more honorable for that reason — were conferred only after special 
examination in each case. 

MEETING OF THE ALUMNI. 

The chapel-exercises over, the alumni began their proceedings. The 
annual business-meeting was held at 1 o'clock in University Hall, the 

124 



29 

president, Hon. E. Bockwood Hoar, in the chair. One of the most in- 
teresting reports was that of the committee on Memorial Hall, which 
was presented by the treasurer, Mr. Henry Lee, of the well-known mon- 
etary firm of Lee, Higginson & Co. During the year $23,760.05 was 
added to the fund, making the sum total of the fund $127,950.85. Ex- 
pended during the year for construction, $82,722.30. The present amount 
in the hands of the treasurer is $66,541.45. The treasurer of the college 
has also $53,417.20 in his hands for the fund, making a total amount on 
hand toward the erection of the building of $119,958.65. The subscrip- 
tions yet unpaid, with interest, amount to $24,707.82. 

The building will probably be completed so as to be ready for use next 
commencement-day. The report of the committee on class-subscriptions 
stated that $37,849.10 had been received toward the second $50,000. 

ALUMNI-DINNER. 

The procession to dinner formed at about 2.30, and at 3 the two halls 
were filled. Seats of honor at the table on the raised platform were 
taken by Judge Hoar, President Eliot, Governor Washburn, Ealph 
Waldo Emerson, Eev. Dr. G. W. Hosmer, president of Antioch College j 
President Loring, of the State senate, and two or three others. Dr. 
Hosmer was called upon for the prayer. The after-dinner exercises were 
begun by the singing of the seventy-eighth Psalm by all the company, 
led by the clear, cheery voice of the college-librarian, who has had the 
honor to perform this duty at twenty -four previous commencement-din- 
ners. Judge Hoar's speech followed, witty and of sound sense. 

PRESIDENT ELIOT'S ADDRESS. 

President Eliot came next with his annual speech, marking the pro- 
gress of the college since last commencement, the changes in its course, 
and the steady broadening of the policy of the governing corporation. 
He reported first that the subscription to make good the losses of the 
University by the great Boston fire in November last, now amounts to 
$180,000. The large subscriptions of the professors, and of women whose 
dead sons, husbands, or brothers had been graduates of the colleges, was 
especially noticeable. 

PROGRESS IN THE UNIVERSITY. 

Passing to a consideration of the progress of the University, he spoke of 
the gradual bringin g into the circle of the college the outlying professional 
schools. Our professional schools, he said, are now characterized by a dis- 
cipline as thorough, and a spirit as liberal and lofty, as those of the college 
itself. They offer the same delights of good-fellowship, in ardent study, in 
strenuous competition, in social enjoyments. There was a time when a 
graduate of the college suspected that he went down when he joined 
one of our professional schools. The experience of the past few years 

125 



30 

lias quite convinced those who have wisely gone straight from college to 
professional school that they have gone up. This is as it should be. 
Professional training should be the climax of a liberal education. All 
the degrees now given by the University testify to residence under aca- 
demic influence, and to attainments proved by searching examination. 
The term of residence in several of our professional schools has been 
lately lengthened, but still needs to be further prolonged. Three years 
are none too much for law, four years for medicine and theology. By a 
recent vote of the corporation, passed at the instance of the academic 
council, a body comprising all the professors of the University, a mem- 
ber of one department can attend any instruction given in the other 
departments ; thus a law-student can study history or political economy 
with the college-classes ; a medical student can pursue chemistry with 
Professor Cooke, or zoology with Professor Agassiz ; a scientific student 
can study German in Holden Chapel, or human anatomy at the medical 
college. We thus offer to the student in any one department the advan- 
tages of our whole organization so far as he can avail himself of them. 

CHANCES IN THE REQUISITES FOR ADMISSION. 

Important changes have been recently made in the requisites for ad- 
mission to college. A portion of the Latin now demanded for admission 
has been abandoned in favor of Roman history, and in three successive 
years three additions to the present requisites will be made. In 1874, 
English 5 in 1S75, the elements of French or German ; in 187C, the ru- 
diments of one or two of the natural sciences. In 1874, and thereafter, 
the examination for admission to college will be divided into two parts, 
so that the candidate, if he please, can pass a part in one year, and the 
rest in another year, returning to school in the interval. The college- 
faculty and the principals of the school agree that these improvements 
can all be made without advancing the present average age of admission, 
which is now high enough. In the scientific school, English, French or 
German, Latin, and the rudiments of some natural science, are to be 
added, in 1874, to the present requisites for admission. 

EDUCATION OF WOMEN. 

The only step toward education for women made by the corporation 
is to agree, at the request of the Women's Education Association of 
Boston, that the University shall hold examinations for young women 
at Boston, on the general plan of the local examinations, which have for 
several years been successfully conducted by the Universities of Oxford, 
Cambridge, London, and Edinburgh. Regarding the education of women, 
President Eliot spoke as follows : " There is no doubt that much needs to 
be done in this country for the better education of young women. 
Independent endowed local schools of high standard are the great nesd. 
Whatever this university can do to improve the education of young 
women, without interfering with its own historical, legitimate, and suf- 

J2G 



31 

ficieut work of educating young men, will be gladly done. The Univer- 
sity will leave it to others to try experiments in educating adult young 
men and women together." 

ELECTION OF OVEHSEEES. 

The voting for overseers resulted in the re-election of Ealph Waldo 
Emerson, (who received the largest number of votes of all,) Francis E. 
Parker, and Henry Lee, all three for the term of six years ; of Eev. 
James Freeman Clarke for the full term of six years, who has been a 
member of the board, but has been out for a year ; of George F. Hoar 
for the full term, and of Alexander Agassiz, to fill the unexpired term 
of Waldo Higginson, resigned. 

PHI-BETA-KAPPA ORATION. 

At the annual meeting of the Phi-Beta-Kappa Society, Eichard H. 
Dana, jr., was chosen president, and in the subsequent exercises at 
Appleton Chapel, Mr. Dana presided. After prayer by the Eev. Mr. 
Brigham, chaplain of the association, Mr. Charles Francis Adams was 
presented as the orator for the day. The oration of Mr. Adams was so 
thoughtful and well digested, presenting important themes in a most 
impressive way, as to deserve a fuller notice than can usually be given 
to such addresses. 

Eeviewing the educational influence of Harvard, he said that while 
most European colonies, established primarily for commercial purposes, 
had been maintained for the material advantage of their founders, and 
had contributed little to the moral, the social, or the literary advance- 
ment of mankind, it had been wholly different here. Commercial ad- 
vantages had not been the prime thing sought. Desire for freedom 
from persecution for opinion's sake had stimulated to the formation of 
the colony, and the root of its enduring vigor had been found in the 
moral resolution with which it started ; while almost coeval with its 
settlement had been laid the foundation of religious, political, and men- 
tal training in this Harvard College of Cambridge. The college here 
had made the State, and not the State the college. Through the first 
century of the colonial period, the political and literary life of Massachu- 
setts had been largely sustained by the presence of Harvard. Subse- 
quently, that presence supplied the means of practically executing the 
legal provisions for the primary forms of instruction through the State. 
It helped to quicken the intellectual vitality of all the people. It im- 
parted intelligence to the political discussions which marked the in- 
fancy of the independent State. It led to the recognition of mental 
culture as a necessary part of the training for good citizenship. And 
it aided in that progress of, high education which has removed from 
America the reproach of literary imbecility, and helped to make our 
authorship the admiration of the world. 

127 



32 

But, having served these high purposes, and served them well, the 
orator conceived there was a further purpose which the institution now 
might serve. It might become, of definite intention, a training-school 
for statesmen. It might have grafted on its other courses a class of 
studies especially adapted to prepare young men for meeting and mas- 
tering the political questions of the day. Then, training for political 
emergencies, now slowly gained by painful and laborious steps in after- 
life, might run parallel with the academic course, or come in at once to 
supplement it. Young men of high abilities might be familiarized with 
the details of government, and be prepared to accompany ambassadors, 
to hold the subordinate offices of state, to enter early the legislature 
or Congress, and, grappling intelligently with great questions, raise 
statesmanship here in America to something of the respectability which 
authorship has reached. The splendid field which Providence has 
opened us might be occupied by men fitted to garner its rich harvests, 
and on this scene of marvelous activity might come to be actors fully 
worthy of their place, straining their very utmost powers to rise to every 
great emergency, and do for fellow-men whatever mortal power has been 
able to effect since the forfeiture of Paradise. 

GIFTS TO THE COLLEGE. 

From Mr. J. V. Cooke and Professor J. P. Cooke, jr., toward 
improvements to Boylston Hall $1, 500 

From Mr. Thomas C. Clarke, of Philadelphia, for the purchase 

of engineering instruments 50 

From Mr. George R. Baldwin, of Quebec, for the same purpose 50 

From Professor John Bacon, for the use of the chemical depart- 
ment of the medical school, the chemical apparatus left in the 
laboratory at the close of his term of service, with the cases 
and other furniture. 

From Professor Henry J. Bigelow, in behalf of the members of 
the former medical faculty, the fund known to them as the 
library -fund, amounting to 1, 122 

Also a lot of laud in front of the medical college, known as 
the Nelson lot. 

From Colonel Francis L. Lee, the appropriation for his profes- 
sional services for eighteen months in and upon the college 
grounds, for improvements therein. 

From Nathaniel Thayer, for tiling-tables in the chemical labor- 
atory 550 

From Dr. Edward H. Clarke, to the medical college, the plates 
and specimens used by him as illustrations of his lectures on 
materia medica. 

From the same anonymous friend to whom the college has been 
indebted for several similar annual gifts, for the botanic gar- 
den 1, 000 

128 



33 

From Francis H. Appleton, for the purchase of books for agri- 
cultural department $100 

LEGACIES. 

From John B. Barringer, of Schenectady, for the benefit of the chem- 
ical department of the Lawrence Scientific School, $30,000. 

From the trustees under the will of the late James Arnold, of ]S"ew 
Bedford, to found a professorship of arboriculture, and to maintain an 
arboretum, $99,345.48. 

INCREASE OF LIBRARY. 

From invested funds for the increase of the library an income of 
$8,236.06 is derived. This has been increased by gifts from G. W. 
Wales, Hollis Hunnewell, and others, to $8,534.10, of which the greater 
part has been expended for the purpose indicated. 

The corporation, recognizing the great importance of the law-library 
to the law-school, spent on this during the year past more than $3,500 
for books and binding, making a total expenditure of more than $10,000 
in the last three years. 

FINANCES'. 

The total of general investments belonging to the college 

is stated in the treasurer's report to be , $1, 797, 587 31 

Total of special investments 710, Q66 67 

Whole amount ...... 2, 508, 254 01 

Income from these investments $135, 390 87 



AMHERST COLLEGE, AMHERST. 

Third in the order of age, Amherst stands now so fairly second in the 
order of importance among the colleges of Massachusetts as to excite 
general interest in its commencements. This year, the first point in 
which that interest centered was 

THE MEETING OF THE ALUMNI. 

These have for some time been endeavoring to secure their proper 
share in the government of their alma mater, through a representation 
in the board of trustees. It was proposed last year that the election of 
the five State trustees should be transferred to the alumni, and an act 
to that effect was passed by the legislature. But its form proved un- 
acceptable both to the trustees and the alumni, and at this meeting it 
was agreed to ask from the next legislature a new act, giving to the 
alumni the election each year of one of the five State trustees, the one 
3 e . 12 g 



34 

so chosen to serve in each case for five years from the date of his elec- 
tion, instead of for life, as now. This proposal is said to be agreeable 
to all concerned, and if the act to be solicited shall be secured, it will 
give the alumni of the institution a clear voice in its government, in- 
crease, of course, their interest in its concerns, and impart to their an- 
nual meetings a new element of life. 

This matter being settled, the next point of interest was 

THE ORATION BEFORE THE SOCIETIES. 

Mr. Whitelaw Eeid was the chosen orator for the occasion, and the 
natural expectation was that something fresh and new would be heard 
from his lips. A large and eager audience gathered, accordingly, in the 
old college-hall, and were not disappointed in their hope of novelty, the 
theme selected being "The duty of the American scholar to be a poli- 
tician, and his duty as a politician.'' 

The speaker said : 

I wish, under favor of your patience, to depart a little from the accepted custom of 
the occasion. I venture to ask you, on this high-day of the Amherst year, to ahandon 
scholastic themes for the hour, and pass to the broader plane of public affairs. In some 
colleges, such a discussion might, to many, seem out of place. It has certainly not 
been common to devote these hours of literary festival to affairs seemingly most re- 
mote from literature, to iuvite the scholar into the ward-meeting or the caucus, instead 
of Parnassus. 

But this is Amherst, battle-ground and bulwark of orthodoxy, yet leader of progress; 
Amherst, that counts Noah Webster, prince of practical scholars, among her founders; 
that claims, and may well prize as a semi-centennial trophy, the first translation of the 
Assyrian inscriptions, and on the other hand merits equal houor as a pioneer in giving 
modern languages recognized place and right in the college-curriculum; that main- 
tained her prayer-meetings as rigidly as her recitations, but was the first to make mus- 
cular Christianity a corner-stone of her creed, and practice in her gymnasium as indis- 
pensable as Caesar or Thucydides; Amherst, with her old veins so full indeed of the 
new fever of our times that she even sent out her "Aggies" to beat the world in boat- 
ing, and then calmly and peacefully finished the work in the most domestic fashion, 
by sending out her family crew to beat the Aggies ! 

Before such an audience I venture to urge freely the duty of the American scholar to 
be a politician. 

It is at once the weakness of our form of Government, and the shame of our intelli- 
gent classes, that the demagogue, at the outset, has the advantage, and that the office- 
seekers mainly give the impulse to political movements. It is a bad impulse. They 
area bad set who give it ; and a not much better set who, in Congress, and especially 
in State legislatures, aud small elective offices in great cities, constitute the average 
outcome. The fastidious father, who wauts his college-bred son to keep out of politics, 
is altogether right, if he means by politics only this vulgar struggle of vulgar men, 
through vulgar means for petty offices and plethoric but questionable gains. Looking 
only at such agencies and such results, we may well marvel at the national prosperity, 
and fall back, in our bewilderment, upon Heinrich Heine's witty adaptation of Bocca- 
cio's wicked epigram for an explanation : " The same fact maybe offered in support of 
a republic as of religion — it exists, in spite of its ministers !" 

Yet, where is the government that does better ? Where is the government that does 
so well ? And, no matter whether it does well or ill, paint our politics as black as you 
will, all the more, I say, you make it the duty of better meu, in their own iutei'est, to 
enter in and take possession. 
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35 

What I wish, then, first of all, to insist upon, is the essential worth, nobility, primacy, 
indeed, of the liberal pursuit of politics. It is simply the highest, the most digni- 
fied, the most important of all earthly objects of human study. Nest to the relation of 
man to his Maker, there is nothing so deserving his best attention as his relation to his 
fellow-men. The welfare of the community is always more important than the wel- 
fare of any individual or number of individuals ; and the welfare of the community is 
the highest object of the science of politics. The course and current of men in masses 
that is the most exalted of human studies, and that is the study of the politician. To 
help individuals is the business of the learned professions. To do the same for com- 
munities is the business of politics. To aid in developiug a single career may task the 
best efforts of a teacher. To shape the policy of a nation, to fix the fate of generations, 
is this not as much higher as the heavens are high above the earth ? Make the actual 
politician as despicable as you may, but the business of politics remains the highest of 
human concerns. 

There is a special reason wdry, in our country and time, it should more than ever 
command the best abilities of our best men. The reason, in a word, is that the age of 
the sentimental in politics has passed. We have ceased to conduct campaigns on fine 
feelings. Emotional politics went out with the war. Instead of questions about God- 
given rights, and bursts of pathos over the claim of every being God created to the free 
air of heaven, and thrills at the unfurling of the flag, we have serious reasoning as to 
the effect on national prosperity of putting a duty of one per cent, ad valorem on im- 
. ported pig-iron ; or the power of compelling railroads to carry passengers for three 
cents a mile, and freight in proportion without reference to the number of times you 
have to break bulk. All this is but a change that we see in all our institutions, that 
is in the times, is in the air. Even the under-graduates about us have felt it. Ten or 
fifteen years ago the staple subject here in Amherst, for reading and talk, outside study- 
hours, was, doubtless, English poetry and fiction. Now it is English science. Herbert 
Spencer, John Stuart Mill, Huxley, Darwin, Tyndall, have usurped the places of Ten- 
nyson and Browning, and Matthew Arnold and Dickens. The age itself has changed, 
and the politics change with it. We are no longer sentimental; we have mines 
to develop, instead of fugitive slaves to fight over; Congressmen to watch instead of 
United States marshals ; the percentage on our funded debt to calculate, instead of a 
percentage for a draft ; Pacific railroads to inspect, instead of army-corps. 

At such a transition-stage in our national history it is well to look about us and 
gather together a few of the greater questions that already rise, large and vague, 
through the mists of the near future. Are they then worthy the attention of scholars ? 
Rather let us pronounce that scholar unworthy of his opportunities, untrue to himself, 
his class, or his time, who neglects them. 

Asking, then, "What is the legitimate function of scholars in this 
business ?" the orator went on to answer that it was, with certain need- 
ful limitations, (1) to oppose the established; (2) to give an intellectual 
leadership to radicalism ; (3) to resist the tyranny of party and the intol- 
erance of political opinion, and to maintain actual freedom as well as 
theoretical liberty of thought ; (4) to give candid consideration to every 
question on its individual merits, and cultivate fairness to antagonists, 
with a disposition to hear the other side. Said he : 

Perhaps it is only the ideal scholar, whom' no Dartmouth, or Yale, or Harvard 
has yet graduated, who will faithfully discharge these various functions in our 
politics. I frankly confess that, all along, as I have been enumerating the details of 
his work, there kept rising to my ears the moan of -the Irish tenant about his grass- 
land. "That bit o' meadow doesn't turn out so much as I expected; and I always 
knew it wouldn't." Bat if he fails, it is the fault of the scholar himself. " No govern- 
ment can afford" — it is a scholarly New Euglander, ill lost to New England politics, 
who gives us the word— "no government can afford the ill-will of the men who make 

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36 

the books its people read," who utter the speeches its people hear, -who lead the prog- 
ress its people make. Least of all will a government of a people afford it. Let us 
remember the pregnant warning given us by as true a friend of free institutions as ever 
lifted pen in their behalf — the lamented John Stuart Mill: "No government by a de- 
mocracy" — these are his words of warning to us — "either in its political acts, or in its 
opinions, qualities, and tone of mind which it fosters, ever did or could rise above me- 
diocrity, except iu so far as the sovereign many have let themselves be guided (as in 
their best times they always have done) by the counsels and influence of a more highly 
gifted and instructed few." 

COMMENCEMENT-EXERCISES; 

Out of twenty seniors who had the privilege of writing for com- 
mencement parts, happily for the audience, only nine, according to one 
account, thirteen, according to another, availed themselves of the oppor_ 
tunity. Something was thus saved of the strength that is usually ex. 
hausted by undue protraction of such exercises. 

DEGREES IN COURSE. 

The " good degree" of A. B. was then bestowed on 51 graduates who 
had prosecuted for four years the college-course, and that of A. M. on 
18 others, who presented evidence of having kept up courses of either 
professional or literary study for at least three years from the time of 
their graduation. 

IIONORARY DEGREES. 

Meriti causa, the honorary title of A. M. was granted to Dr. L. E. 
Wells, of Washington, D. C, and C. C. Corss, of East Smithfield, Pa. — 2 ; 
that of Ph. D. on Professor Arthur S. Hardy, of Dartmouth College — 1 • 
that of D. D. on Eev. Herman N. Barnum, missionary at Harpoot, Asi- 
atic Turkey — 1 ; and that of LL. D. on Professor John Bascom, of Wil. 
liams College, and Dr. Nathan Allen, of Lowell — 2. 

BENEFACTIONS. 

No legacies or gifts for the past year are officially reported, bat a 
newspaper-account states that $7,000 has been subscribed toward a 
collection of busts, statues, engravings, and photographs, and that the 
trustees have voted $1,000 for the packing and freight of these, it being 
understood that the subscription for the purchase of them would be 
pushed to $10,000. 

LIBRARY. 

The libraries of the college and the literary societies contain now above 
3S,000 volumes. By purchase, 1,555 volumes have been added during 
the year, and by gifts, 359 volumes and 40 pamphlets. 

THE MUSEUMS. 

The already extensive museums of the institution have been iucreased 
by the gift of about 1,000 specimens, and enriched by the donation of 
$7,000 in money. 
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37 

NEW BUILDING. 

The latest arid most beautiful addition to tlie buildings of College Hill 
is a new and elegant college-chapel, toward which the son of President 
Stearns is said to have contributed $50,000, and other friends $25,000. 
The church itself has cost about $55,000; with additions, appoint- 
ments, and furniture, the total expenditure will be some $75,000. It is 
built from plans by Mr. W. A. Potter, of New York, of granite with red- 
stone trimmings, in the form of a cross, and enriched with ornamented 
gables, with choice stone carvings, polished Scotch granite shafts, large 
rose-windows, and smaller painted ones, and flanked by a handsome 
stone tower, rising 150 feet, with openings for memorial- windows for the 
college-graduates lost in the war, and holding a fine chiuie of bells, 
whose music daily charms a wide population of village and valley, and 
mountain beneath and about. The interior of the building shows the 
frame-work of the roof resting on a rich base of carved stone, and the 
walls and ceiling are a chaste but elegant illustration of modern decora- 
tive painting. Altogether the college-church will rank among the three 
or four finest church-edifices in the Connecticut Valley 5 while for beauty 
of location — standing on the southeast front of College Hill, and over- 
looking a wide reach of meadow, valley, hill, and mountain — it surpasses 
all. 

CHANGE IN FACULTY. 

Professor L. C. Seelye has resigned the chair of rhetoric and English 
literature, and accepted the presidency of the proposed Smith College 
for Women, at Northampton. 

PRIZES. 

Prizes of from $10 to $100 are annually presented to successful stu- 
dents. Thirty-seven were the recipients of them in the past year. 

S. H. Washburn, of '69, secretary of the Home Insurance Company of 
New York, offers $100 annual prize to that class which shall most fully 
obey all the instructions in, and attend to the duties of, the physical- 
education department. This implies an exhibition once each year, and 
regular attendance and proper behavior at all the gymnastic exercises. 

SCHOLARSHIPS. 

The scholarship-fund for the aid of meritorious students amounts 
now to $70,000. No additions to it for the year past are reported. 

PHYSICAL CULTURE. 

Attention to the development of the physical system as well as of the 
mental is a marked characteristic of Amherst. The gymnasium is open 
during the day to members of the college for voluntary exercise, and at 

133 



38 

an appointed hour each class is required to be present aud engage in 
exercise under the direction of the professor of this department. These 
required exercises consist mainly of light gymnastics, the heavy and 
more difficult work being at the option of the students. The professor, 
an educated physician, is expected to be acquainted with the physical 
condition of each student during term-time, and all students are at 
liberty to consult him as to that condition without charge. 

As to the boating exercises of the students there is said to be a differ- 
ence of judgment between Professor Hitchcock, of the hygienic depart- 
ment, and Professor Crowell, of the Latin ; the former thinking that the 
boating does not interfere with mental culture, the latter, that it is an 
irreparable injury to scholarship. 

PUBLICATIONS. 

History of Amherst College during its first half- century, 1821-1871. 
By W. S. Tyler Williston, professor of the Greek language and litera- 
ture. Clark W. Bryan & Co., Springfield. 8°. 1S73. $5. 

A Discourse Commemorative of Rev. Lewis Sabin, J). D. By Bev. W. 
S. Tyler, D. D. Bryan & Co. Pamphlet. 1873. $0.25. 

The Way, the Truth, and the Life. Lectures to educated Hindus. By 
Bev. Julius N. Seelye, D. D., professor in Amherst College. Bombay, 
12°. 1873. 

M. Tullii Ciceronis, Be Officiis, libri tres. With explanatory notes, 
by E. P. Crowell, Moore professor of the Latin language aud literature. 
Eldredge & Brother, Philadelphia, 16°. $1.50 

Manual Comparative Grammar of the Spanish Language, tcith a His- 
torical Introduction. By W. L. Montague, professor of French, Italian, 
and Spanish in Amherst College. Schoenhoff & Mceller, Boston, 1873. 
12°. $1.25. 

Selections from Herodotus and Thucydides, with notes by B. H. Mather, 
professor of Greek and German in Amherst College. John Allyn, Bos- 
ton, 1872. 12°. $1. 

The Electra of Sophocles, with notes by B. II. Mather. Allyn, Boston, 
1873. 12°. $1.25. 



WILLIAMS COLLEGE, WILLIAMSTOWX. 

PRELIMINARY EXERCISES. 

The exercises of commencement-week here practically begin with the 
" reading off" of the class on the Friday previous to baccalaureate- Sun- 
day. At the conclusion of the senior-examinations the class marched 
to the chapel, when the names of those who had successfully passed the 
examinations were presented to the president of the college by the Bev. 
Dr. Gale, vice-president, a member of the committee of examination. 
The speech, and the reply by the president, as usual, were in Latin. 
134 



39 

BACCALAUREATE OF PRESIDENT CHADBOUENE. 

Dr. Chadbourne had a full audience on Sunday to hear his first dis- 
course to the graduating class. The venerable ex-President Hopkins 
took part in the service, read a hymn, and offered prayer with the old 
familiar simplicity, tenderness, and power. 

The sermon of Dr. Chadbourne was worthy of his position and the 
reputation of the college. If any anxiety was felt as to his ability to 
meet the occasion, this feeling was soon dissipated, and all recognized 
that the college had at its head a man of power, fully adequate to all 
the exigencies of his position. 

The discourse was intended as a reply to the Darwin school and the 
atheistic teachings of the day. He said in effect: "Admit all these 
sceptics say concerning man and his origin • admit that man in his 
physical nature is like the animals and plants — is under the rule of law 
and subject to decay and death ; admit all this, and yet they do not touch 
the vital question of the inner and immortal life which mocks at death 
and lives forever." 

MISSIONARY-COMMEMORATION. 

Immediately after the baccalaureate, the audience repaired to Mission 
Park, where the usual prayer-meeting, established by the late Professor 
Albert Hopkins, was held in memory of the establishment of the first 
American society for foreign missions, by Samuel J. Mills and his co- 
adjutors, 1808. Dr. Hopkins opened the meeting with a brief and per- 
tinent address, in which he said they came there simply to pray and 
commune with God. Brief speeches and prayers were made by Rev. 
Mr. Washburne, a missionary, Rev. Mr. Corwin, of Jamestown, 25". Y., 
a class-mate of President Chadbourne, Eev. Dr. Ormistou, of New York, 
and Eev. Stephen Tyng, jr. 

ALUMNI-MEETING. 

On Tuesday the alumni-meeting was held in the chapel, beginning its 
session at nine o'clock in the forenoon, Judge Dewey, of Worcester, in the 
chair. 

THE WOMAN QUESTION. 

The discussion of the question of the co-education of the sexes was 
the feature of the day. Last year two reports were made by the com- 
mittee to whom the subject was referred — a majors-report by Judge 
Dewey and others opposing the admission of women to the college, and 
a minority-report by Professor John Bascom and David Dudley Field, advo- 
cating their admission. These reports were printed and their final consid- 
eration postponed till to-day. The discussion was opened by Professor 
Bascom in a speech, urging the policy and safety of admitting women to 
the full benefits of the institution. He was followed by Mr. Benedict, of 

135 



40 

New York, a member of the senate of that State, who stated his objec- 
tions, insisting that it would injure the college and work a revolution. 
This brought up Martin I. Townsend, of Troy, who spoke for women. He 
claimed that society does not provide for her daughters educational 
facilities equal to those her sons enjoy. He wanted a Harvard, an Am- 
herst, and a Williams for the girls as well as the boys. Hon. Joseph 
White, treasurer of the college, followed in reply and enumerated the 
present and prospective provisions for the education of women — the 
Smith College at Northampton, the Simmons f and of Boston, and the insti- 
tution now in process of erection by Henry Darant, of Boston, aud other 
schools. He made a strong answer to the complaint that the educational 
facilities for women were meager and inadequate. He was followed by the 
Bev. Mr. Corwin, of Jamestown, N. Y., against the resolution of admission. 
Bev. Stephen Tyng, jr., of New York, spoke on the same side. The 
debate was closed by David Dudley Field with a strong appeal for equality 
and progress and a trenchant refutation of the fears of conservatism. 
The debate was one of great interest and stirred the audience more than 
any contest Williams has heard for years. The resolution for admission 
was defeated by a decisive vote — 20 voting for and 49 against it. 

COMMENCEMENT PROPER. 

The exercises of commencement-day occurred on Wednesday morning, 
July 2, on which occasion 22 students received the degree of A. B. in 
course, and 5 that of A. M. in course. The faculty are said to have been 
well pleased with the class, and to regard them as among the best edu- 
cated men they have sent forth. To the alumni it seemed a little strange 
that another man should present the diplomas, while the venerable Dr. 
Hopkins was at hand. But the short administration of President Chad- 
bourne has been a decided success, and the college is fortunate in still 
retaining the services of Dr. Hopkins in his own department. 

HONORARY DEGREES. 

The degree of A. M., honoris causa, was conferred on Professor Orlando 
M. Feraald, of Williamstown, Massachusetts; Capt. Ephraim Williains,of 
Norwich University ; Dr. F. K. Paddock and Thaddeus Clapp, of Pittsfield 5 
A. W. Humphreys, Wm. D. Andrews, and James K. Briggs, of New 
York— 7. 

That of D. D. was bestowed on the Bev. Eli Corwin, of Jamestown, 
New York, and the Bev. Wm. W. Adams, of Fall Biver — 2. 

That of LL. D. on the Bev. Dr. Boswell D. Hitchcock, of the 
Union Theological Seminary, New York ; Hon. David Davis, Justice of 
the United States Supreme Court; Eli Tappan, President of Kenyon 
College, Ohio ; and Judge Francis H. Dewey, of Worcester, Massachu- 
setts — 4. 

1S6 



41 

NEW PROFESSORS APPOINTED. 

Orlando M. Fernald, Lawrence professor of the Greek language and 
li teratnre. 

Ira Beinsen, M. D., Ph. D., professor of physics and chemistry. 

Eev. Edward H. Griffin, Massachusetts professor of the Latin lan- 
guage and literature. 

LEGACIES RECEIVED DURING- THE YEAR. 

From estate of General John E. Wool, United States Army, $5,000. 

GIFTS OF MONET. 

From Eev. Henry Fowler, Auburn, 'New York, $100. 

From Hon. H. G. Knight, East Hampton, Massachusetts, $2,500. 

SCHOLARSHIPS FOUNDED SINCE LAST COMMENCEMENT. 

Scholarship of class of 1851, $2,500. 

Scholarship of class of 1852, $1,800. 

Bossiter scholarship, $1,000. 

Partial payments toward other scholarships, $500. 

Amount of scholarship-fund about $85,000 in all. 

LIBRARY. 

An annual fund for the increase of the library is derived from the 
Mrs. A. Lawrence gift of $5,000, and that of Jonathan Phillips of the 
same amount. The increase of the library during the year has been 500 
volumes. It has received as gifts in the same time: books, 170; pamphlets, 
65 ; money, $235. 

MUSEUM. 

Many important additions have recently been made to the museum 
of natural history. Among these are the mounted skeletons of the 
famous Australian marsupial, known as the wombat, the golden eagle, 
the bull-frog, the ray or skate, the gar pike, and a mounted specimen 
of the wild-cat. All these specimens were prepared and mounted by 
or under the supervision of Professor H. A. Ward, of Eochester, New 
York. The new and valuable herbarium of 8,000 specimens recently 
received from the late J. P. Brace, of Litchfield, Connecticut, has been 
poised and arranged for exhibition. 

PUBLICATION BY A MEMBER OF THE FACULTY. 

WoMer's Outlines of Organic Chemistry, translated from the 8th Ger- 
man edition, with additions by Professor Ira Eemsen, M. D., Ph. D. 

CHANGES IN STUDIES. 

These are the probable changes for the following year, as given by 
Dr. Ohadbourne : 

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42 

The required Latin and Greek will be reduced to four terms each, aud 
after that they will become optional, but must be completed in the 
sophomore year. Mathematics will take up the same time as before, 
calculus being optional. Modern languages will be confined to junior 
year, and continue throughout the year. Natural history will be con- 
fined mostly to sophomore year. History and Professor Perry's other 
studies will enter into sophomore and junior years. These arrangements 
will leave the senior year with only two studies per day, or ten a week. 
For a time the third excercise will consist of lectures by Professor 
Young, of Dartmouth College, and a portion of the lectures on geology 
will, perhaps, be delivered during the year. This gives the seniors that 
leisure time for writing and reading which is desirable. 

FINANCIAL CONDITION. 

The financial report of the trustees, presented by Giles B. Kellogg, of 
Troy, showed that the whole amount of funds and securities belonging 
to the college June 1, 1872, was $307, G49. Such funds now amount to 
$290,784; to the amount are to be added legacies amounting to $13,500, 
making a total of $304,284. As is common amoug educational institu- 
tions, the funds of the college are tied up, so that, while it is compara- 
tively rich in land and special departments, it is embarrassed for money 
to meet the running expenses. 

NEW BUILDINGS. 

The trustees, aided by the alumni, have built and furnished College 
Hall, in order to reduce the price of board to students. The hall and 
all its equipments will be furnished free of cost; and all income from 
rent of rooms will go to diminish the price of board. The cost of this 
building has been $12,000. 

All persons employed in the hall will be paid by the college, and no 
person connected with it will be allowed any profit or perquisite of any 
kind, or be allowed to take money in addition to salary, for any service, 
under any pretense. 

A new dwelling-house has also been erected, costing $9,000; and the 
Sigma-Phi Society has put up for its uses the " Sigma- Phi Place," at a 
cost of from $10,000 to $12,000. 

PHYSICAL TRAINING 

is receiving the attention which its importance demands. The fresh- 
men class have instruction from the president of the college in the gen- 
eral principles of physical education, with special reference to the habits 
of student-life. Later in the course anatomy and physiology are taught, 
illustrated with the manikin skeleton and anatomical preparations. 

The large gymnasium is fitted with the best apparatus and furnished 
with every needed facility, under the direction of a competent in- 
structor. 

138 



BOSTON UNIVERSITY, BOSTOX. 

Boston University was incorporated by the general court of Massa- 
chusetts in the year 1869. The purpose of its .corporators was not the 
establishment of a college in the ordinary sense of that term, but the 
building-up of a group of collegiate and post-collegiate schools in 
which, in the process of time, all forms of higher professional and gen- 
eral education might be conferred. The charter and general statutes of 
the institution contemplate the ultimate organization of at least a dozen 
distinct colleges and professional schools with as many distinct faculties. 
Of these three are already in successful operation, to wit, a school of 
theology, a school of law, and a college of music. 

THE SCHOOL OP THEOLOGY 

of Boston University, formerly the "Boston Theological Seminary," is 
now in its twenty-sixth year. 

Dean, Be v. William F. Warren, D. D., 30 Bromfield street. 

THE SCHOOL OP LAW 

was opened last fall ; it is therefore in its first year. Sixty-five students 
are in attendance. 

THE SCHOOL OF UEDICINE 

will be opened Xoveniber 5, 1873. Students of both sexes will be ad- 
mitted to the school of medicine, on uniform terms aud conditions. 

THE COLLEGE OP LIBERAL ARTS. 

This chief undergraduate college, providing the usual course for the 
degree of bachelor of arts, will be opened September IS, 1S73. Ladies 
will be admited to all the privileges of the college on the same condi- 
tions as gentlemen. 

THE COLLEGE OF 3IUSIC 

is designed exclusively for the graduates of musical conservatories and 
seminaries. 
Dean, Dr. E. Tourjee, Music Hall, Boston. 



AXDEBSOX SCHOOL, PEXIKE3E ISLAXD. 

Professor Agassiz's new Anderson School of Natural History, on Pen- 
ikese Island, established through the munificence of a citizen of Xew 
York, was formally opened on the 8th of July. The company present 
numbered between sixty and seventy. About forty were prospective 
students, a third of whom were women. The visitors included Count 
Pourtales, of the Coast-Survey, and 0. W. Galloupe, of Boston, who 

130 



44 

has aided Professor Agassiz by the gift of the yacht Sprite for service 
at the island. These all went down to the island from New Bedford in 
the little steamer Helen Augusta. At the landing Professor Agassiz 
met them with a cordial greeting. The party was taken over the fresh 
lawn to the unfinished building for the dormitories and laboratories, and 
then to the large barn which is temporarily to be used as a lecture-room, 
and which had been fitted with chairs and tables for the occasion. It 
was all open, and the swallows kept flying through during the exercises. 
When all were seated Professor Agassiz rose and spoke as follows : 

PROFESSOR AGASSIZ'S ADDRESS. 

Ladies and Gentlemen : I feel that you are in a strange position, and mostly 
strangers to one another. I miss, however, one more than I can express. The gentle- 
man to -whom we owe this opportunity is not among us, and I feel the disappointment 
of being unable to introduce to you his benevolent face. You do not know your 
teacher and I do not know those who are to be my pupils. We have come here almost 
without a connecting bond, but yet we have the desire to do something to advance 
the cause of education. That will draw us more closely together. I think we have 
the need of help. I know so little of your ways, and you know so little about mine, 
that I do not feel that I can call on any one here to ask a blessing for us. I know I 
would not have anybody pray for us at this moment. I ask you for a moment to pray 
for yourselves. [Here the speaker bowed his head for a few moments, the rest follow- 
ing his example, and then proceeded.] If we are strangers to one another now, I trust 
we shall part friends. There is enough in this realm of nature to excite the sympathies 
of all those who have them. Although I have had no opportunity of telling you what 
I propose to do, you have trusted me. I have seen it from your letters asking if you 
could venture. A new direction has to be given to public education. Our object is to 
study nature, but I hope I may lead you in this enterprise so that you will learn to 
read for yourselves. 

NATURE AS A TEXT-BOOK. 

There is one thing about which I am certain— that we don't begin our task by read- 
ing, by using any report of others concerning the objects to which we will turn our 
attention. We are, I suppose, all intelligent enough to open our eyes and look upon 
nature for ourselves, and we will try to make nature as it surrounds us its own text- 
book. If I can I will try to make you investigators, to teach you to find out what you 
want to know for yourselves, that you may be able to do the same thing in other 
places where you may have no guide. Whenever we study books we are one remove 
away from the things that we would be better acquainted with. Instead of the things 
themselves, we appropriate the report of somebody concerning these things, and if we 
have appropriated ever so correctly the substance of a book, we have yet to return to 
make a new study of the objects themselves whenever we turn to them. Now we 
have very little that is new here, and you may ask how it is that we cau be investi- 
gators among things which are well known. But nothing is so well known as to 
leave nothing to be done about it, and then what you don't know yourselves will be 
considered by you as something utterly unknown. 

The ignorance in which yon may be about some of the features which surround 
us is sufficient to make these objects novel to you. You will, therefore, learn enough, 
and there are chances enough for knowledge in looking out the most common things. 
But it will tax your patience, and you will feel some discouragement, but you must 
overcome it. I had ouce a student, a near friend of mine now, who wanted to become 
a naturalist, and I had great hopes of him, so I put into his hand a piece of worn coral. 

140 



45 

I told him I would give him a fortnight to find out something about it. He confessed to 
me afterward that never in his life had he been so taxed as with that piece of coral 
worn so that it showed nothing to his eye. He could make nothing of it. Once I saw 
him almost in despair, and I said to him, "Why don't you break it, and look for some- 
thing on the inside?" That was the first intimation that led him to the real mode of 
looking at it. From that time he made progress. He is now a very keen investigator. 
If you find what I place in your hands taxes your patience to the utmost, think that I 
did it purposely, aud that you have to overcome the difficulty you may encounter in 
some way or other, and it will lead you in the right direction for observing for your- 
selves. That is the great thing to gain. 

WHY THE NEW ENTERPRISE HAS BEEN DELAYED. 

I make no apology for the imperfection of our preparations. We are really only in 
possession of about one-fourth of our appliances for the room which will be occupied 
shortly. In about two days we will have about one-half ready. There was no possi- 
bility of hurrying our arrangements, for a great deal had to be done before we could 
make a material beginning. Before I could give directions for building, or consult 
with the architect, I must decide about the character of the school and what was to be 
done here, and the method I would apply in the instruction, for otherwise I could not 
have our laboratories appropriate for our work. I was determined that we should not 
be satisfied with that mode of proceeding of which we have so many examples in these 
medieval castles for the abode of modern science. I wanted, if possible, that our rooms 
should correspond at once with our work, and it was necessary therefore to determine 
even the numbers that could be admitted. I know very well that no teacher can teach 
a great many pupils. Therefore I determined that though I shall enjoy here the help 
of many competent scientific friends, we would have only so many puifils as we could 
teach well, and I determined upon the number of 50. It is a large number, in my es- 
timation, but with good will something may be done, even with so many. Now, as 
soon as that was done, we determined a question of no small moment — whether ladies 
should be admitted. In my mind I had no hesitation from the start. There were 
those about us whose opinion I had to care for but did not know. I thought the best 
way was not to ask it, but to decide for myself. [Applause.] 

It was February 22 when these grounds were dedicated to scientific purposes. It was 
not until May 1 that the plans could be discussed. The buildings were framed in New 
Bedford, for it was not easy to bring workmen here. On June 1 the buildings were 
raised. The first door of the building is designed for a laboratory, where you will have 
your appliances necessary for scientific work. The upper story is for dormitories. We 
are to have two such buildings. But this places you at once in the condition of ex- 
plorers. Do you think those traveling over unknown countries had a hotel every 
night, and found their comfort in the kitchen "? They had to carry their meats and 
beds with them, or lie on the ground. We start already on a little better footing than 
that, 

THE DIFFICULTIES EXPLOREHS MUST ENCOUNTER. 

These difficulties remind me of some of the conditions under which the best work is 
done by explorers. As I shall have occasion to tell you in reference to these bowlders 
of which this island is composed, I may as well tell you how I spent, in one summer, 
72 consecutive nights on the bare ice, aud at a level of 8,000 feet above the ocean 
Avithout other covering than the canopy of heaven, and stw a great deal I wish I 
could show you here. [Applause.] Take it in that spirit and pardon the discomforts 
you may experience. Our appliances for study are none but what nature affords. The 
laud is limited by the sea, and to that you will ha^e to turn your attention exclusive- 
ly. I have asked you to bring no books ; I hope you have followed my advice. The 
fewer you have, the more you will be left to nature's resources. The best work done 

141 



46 

by the most prominent of our scholars has been done in regions, some richer, some less 
rich than this. Here the opportunities are as good as we can expect anywhere. It is 
only in tropical countries that the traveler can study a richer nature. 

Here we have all we can expect for scientific work . We have good help in various 
ways. A gentleman here present has given the school a charming yacht to go with 
into the deep water and dredge, that we may become acquainted with the inhabitants 
of the sea. No other school on earth can do this. We have advantages from the Coast- 
Survey, and as that is one of the most important departments of the service, I want to 
tell you how that service is interested. The Coast-Survey is one of the most interest- 
ing scientific organizations in existeuce, and exercises the highest order of training. 
They need trained assistants. They will give us all the help they can that we may 
train ourselves to help them. I trust that under the guidance of Count Pourtales,who 
is the master of this kind of service, you will learn how to use the instruments neces- 
sary for exploring the shores, and at home you can apply the practice to the explora- 
tion of our lakes. We don't know what is at their bottom. One solitary lake of our 
larger lakes has been a little examined by the lamented Stimpson, and he found at its 
bottom marine animals resembling those of the Arctic seas. There is no knowing what 
you may find, if you learn how to explore, in the very neighborhood where you 
thought there was nothing to be found. Specimens for examination can be obtained 
from the museum at Cambridge. I have brought some which may be of use while we 
are learning. 

THE PROGRAMME OF INSTRUCTION. 

Now I would say a few words about our work. Every morning when I can be here 
I propose to give you a piece of advice about the way to employ your time. In pro- 
portion as you have made some progress it will be of different character. I shall in- 
vite you to ramble about the islaud to observe what there may be of interest. , I shall 
constantly ask you to tell me what you have seen, to see how your minds work. Our 
chief work will bo to watch the aquarium. I want you to study principally marine 
animals. The only way to do that properly is to have them alive by your side. In a 
very few days I shall place at your disposal a series of these appliances. I have or- 
dered one for every person admitted to the school, so that each of you will have means 
to make these investigations. I have never had in my own laboratory better oppor- 
tunities for work than I place at your disposal. Our way of studying will be some- 
what different from the instruction generally given in schools. I want to make it so 
very different that it may appear that there is something left to be done in the system 
adopted in our public schools. I think that pupils are made too much to turn their 
attention to books, and the teacher is left a simple machine of study. That should be 
done away with among us. I shall never make you repeat what you have been told, 
but constantly ask you what you have seen yourselves. 

Professor Agassiz then spoke briefly of the study of certain diagrams, 
of animal structure, microscopy, the currents of the ocean, and the 
phenomena of light, and concluded as follows: 

SELF-RELIANCE TO BE TAUGHT. 

What I want you to do in order to profit by this is to work yourselves. I shall turn 
your attention constantly in that direction. Don't read or ask questions. I shall not 
answer them, as you know you must understand things yourselves. It is a poor ser- 
vice to render to a pupil to give him a ready-made answer. I shall want you also to 
use the lens of the microscope, and also to learn the use of the knife. It is not a hard 
operation, if done properly. The housekeeper cuts the meat for her table iu some way 
or other. The animals we dissect are not any more repulsive than many of the articles 
we use in the kitchen. Then why should you not make yourselves acquainted with 
the operations which are necessary for the study of these animals ? This is about all 
I have to say. If you will give me and my friends your confidence, we w T ill do the best 
we know how to promote your object. [Applause.] 
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47 

The services then concluded with an invitation to dinner. During 
the whole time there was very little to remind the observer of the open- 
ing of an educational institution. A rough, unfurnished barn, about a 
hundred listeners, and Professor Agassiz in the center, dwelling upon the 
scheme which he has so long hoped to begin — that was the whole of the 
dedicatory exercises. The following is the list of scientists who will 
assist Professor Agassiz : 

Dr. Burt G. Wilder, of Cornell ; Dr. A. S. Packard, of Peabody 
Academy of Science, Salem ; Count Pourtales, of the Coast-Survey ; 
Professor Waterhouse Hawkins, of England ; Paulus Eoetter, artist of 
the museum at Cambridge; Professor Mitchell, of the Coast-Survey; 
Professor Joseph S. Lovering, of Harvard University; Professor F. W. 
Putnam, of Peabody Academy of Science, Salem ; Professor N. S. Shaler, 
of Harvard, who was the first proposer of this scheme, and who is at 
present in Europe; Professor Arnold Guyot, of Princeton, 1ST. J.; Pro- 
fessor Brown-Sequard. 



TUFTS COLLEGE, COLLEGE HILL. 

The curriculum at this college, in accordance with a fast-prevailing 
custom, embraces a philosophical and engineering, as well as a classical 
and mathematical, course. A theological school is also connected with 
it, the full course in which occupies three years for those who have 
passed through a regular course of academic study; for others, four 
years. 

COMMENCEMENT-EXERCISES. 

At the commencement, held June 18, parts were assigned to twelve of 
the candidates for the degree of A. B., to the one candidate for the 
degree of Ph. B., and to six candidates for the degree of Bach. Div. 

DEGREES IN COURSE. 

The degrees conferred on those who had completed the several pre- 
scribed courses of study were, of A. B., 13 ; of Ph. B., 1 ; of C. E., 4 ; 
of D. B.j 6. No honorary degrees. 

BENEFACTIONS. 

Legacies received since last commencement: $80,000 from Oliver 
Deem, M. D., of Franklin, Massachusetts; $5,000 from Beuj. Abbott, 
Boston, Massachusetts. Gifts in money during the same period : From 
N. C. Munson, esq., Shirley, Massachusetts, $500 ; from Mrs. Mary T. 
Goddard, Newton, Massachusetts, $500— in all, $86,000. 

LIBRARY. 

The increase of the library for the year has been 1,154 volumes, 601 
pamphlets. The gift of Mr. Munson, above recorded, was for the 
library. 

143 



48 

MUSEUM. 

Thenmseutn lias received from the Smithsonian Institution, Washing- 
ton, D. 0., a set of geological and mineral specimeus ; from Mrs. L. 
Goddard, the gift of money above mentioned* 



MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, AMHERST. 

An Amherst professor is president of this college, and the courses of 
the two institutions are designed to supplement each other. 

EXAMINATION. 

The examination of the senior class occurred on Wednesday morning, 
before the State Board of Agriculture, and was conducted by Professor 
Stockbridge, the members of the board occasionally suggesting ques- 
tions. The exercises were oral, of an extempore character, and were 
intended to illustrate fully what is meant by the study of agriculture at 
the college, and the ground covered by the course. 

The graduating exercises occurred on Wednesday, in Military Hall, 
and were participated in by four members of the class. Their theses 
were all of a scientific nature, excepting the last, which was upon " The 
Influence of the Arabs in Europe." 

DEGREES. 

The degree of Sc. B. was conferred on the class of thirteen, the diplomas 
being presented them by Governor Washburn. 



THE WORCESTER FREE INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL 
SCIENCE, WORCESTER. 

This institution, collegiate in rank, but especially scientific in its train- 
ing, is meant to be a companion to such others as the Lawrence Scien- 
tific School of Harvard, the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale, the 
Chandler Scientific Department of Dartmouth, the Van Rensselaer Poly- 
technic Institute at Troy, and the Lehigh University of Pennsylvania. 
Its aim is to train men to thorough acquaintance with the principles 
which underlie the various branches of industrial occupation, and to 
make them good architects, good engineers, good master-mechanics, 
and so on. 

The third annual commencement was held on Wednesday, July 30. 
Fifteen of the graduates read theses on important practical subjects, 
and eighteen received in course the diploma of the institution, equiva- 
lent to the degree of Sc. B. in the universities. Two others were granted 
certificates of proficiency in a partial course. 
144 



49 

NEW PROFESSOR. 

A new chair of languages having been created and endowed, has 
been filled by the appointment to it of E. P. Smith, esq., (previous resi- 
dence and title not given.) 

BENEFACTIONS. 

From the Hon. Stephen Salisbury, Worcester, for the endowment of 
the above professorship, $40,000; from the Hon. Geo. F. Hoar, for 
general purposes, $5,000. 



COLLEGE OF THE HOLY CROSS, WOECESTEE. 

The exercises of the thirtieth annual commencement of the Holy 
Cross College were held in Fenwick Hall, Worcester, June 26. The 
shady avenue leading to the college was overhung with a banner bear- 
ing the word " Welcome" on the obverse and " Valete" on the reverse. 
Fenwick Hall was tastefully decorated in festoons from- the center of 
the ceiling to the sides of the room, while medallions were placed in the 
halls, crossed with the names of ancient writers, philosophers, and states- 
men. The hall was filled with the friends of the institution, almost all 
of whom sported the college-color, royal purple. 

At the conclusion of the speaking by the young gentlemen, diplomas 
and prizes were awarded to members of the various classes for diligence 
in study and excelleuceHn scholarship. 

^DEGREES. 

Seven young gentlemen of the graduating class received the degree 
of A. B. 



[MOUNT HOLYOKE SEMINARY, SOUTH HADLEY. 

The celebration of the thirty-sixth anniversary of Mount Holyoke Fe 
male Seminary began on Tuesday, July 1. 

The public examinations of the graduating class occupied Tuesday 
Wednesday, and a part of Thursday. The exercises were interspersed 
with musical selections and the reading of essays. 

The examinations were of unusual excellence and showed the resul 
of careful discipline. The education of the vocal powers, not heretofore 
holding its justly high place in the curriculum, has received careful at- 
tention the past year, the results being agreeably manifested in the read- 
ing of the essays by the young ladies. 

PHYSICAL CULTURE. 

Following the examinations was a gymnastic exhibition in the spacious 
gymnasium of the seminary, consisting of dumb-bell, ring, and wand 
4 E 145 



50 

exercises, marching, &c. The performances showed that the physical 
training of the young ladies receives a fair share of attention in the in- 
structions of the school. 

SCIENCE AND ART BUILDINGS. 

At the meeting of the trustees it was voted to erect a two-story brick 
building 70 by 50 feet, for a science and art gallery. The uew structure 
will stand a little south of the main building, with which it is to be con- 
nected by a corridor, and will cost about $30,000, $7,500 of which are 
given by Mr. A. L. Williston, of Northampton. The trustees voted to 
give $10,000, from the funds now on hand, and the balance will be raised 
by subscription. 

GRADUATING EXERCISES. 

After the exercisesin Seminary Hall, a procession was formed of trus- 
tees, pupils, graduates, and friends, and moved to the village-church. 
Prayer was offered by Rev. Mr. Peck, of Sunderland, and an address on 
•'The higher education of woman" was delivered by Professor Tyler, 
of Amherst College, in which he urged, with force and eloquence, that 
her education, if it shall deserve the name, must be adapted to her na- 
ture and her sphere. 

The most obvious peculiarity of her nature being a delicate bodily 
constitution, a first effort must be to guard her health, invigorate her 
constitution, develop her form, give color to her cheek, light to her 
eye, elasticity to her step, grace to her motions, life and joy to her whole 
frame. To this end her education should be, not exactly gymnastic, but 
largely calisthenic, so that the result may be strength clothed with 
beauty, and beauty informed with strength. And as her mental consti- 
tution is one involving more taste, more feeling, more fancy, perhaps 
more imagination, but less reason and judgment, than belong to men, 
her education should, in the next place, be fitted to develop the powers 
in which her superiority lies, and at the same time supply marked de- 
ficiencies. For the latter purpose, mathematics, logic, and philosophy 
lnust come in ; for the former, rhetoric, belles-lettres, language, litera- 
ture, and art. Her moral susceptibilities, too, being peculiarly delicate, 
she should have, for their development, instruction in ethics, anthro- 
pology, and theology — those all-comprehending and all-illuminating 
sciences which pertain to God and man, and the relations that subsist 
between them. 

The sphere of womau being emphatically the home, and her work 
there the promotion of the health, comfort, and education of the house- 
hold, she needs all knowledge for a work of such unlimited exteut and 
unbounded influence. She needs, above all, to know herself, her 
physical and mental constitution, the laws of her own being, health, and 
life, for she is herself to be the fountain of being, health, and life to her 
children. As the mother and nurse of the family, the first principles, 
146 



51 

at least, of anatomy, physiology, and medicine are indispensable. As 
the housekeeper, and, in a broad sense, the home-builder, chemistry, 
botany, and natural history, cookery, and domestic economy, the art of 
building, also, and adorning — all those arts and sciences which combine 
to make the home convenient, the grouuds beautiful, the kitchen clean, 
the library cosy, the parlor neat, the table wholesome, the fireside 
cheerful, home attractive ; all these branches of knowledge are needful 
to her ; all these have more to do with the character and happiness of 
the family than we are apt to think. And this is not the least impor- 
tant department in the higher education of women. 

For her work as an educator she should be taught the science and art 
of education, and the schools for women thus be largely, and in a broad 
sense, normal-schools. Thus trained, she may disseminate blessings 
around her, be a comfort to herself, a joy to her household, auda source 
of light aud gladness to the world. 

After the address the diplomas were presented by Rev. Mr. Green to 
the graduates, numbering 48. 

EXTENSION OF COURSE OF STUDIES. 

French, German, and Greek were pursued as optional studies for the 
first time last year, and about fifty pupils have taken up the modern 
languages, while live are digging away at Greek roots. The standard 
of admission is being raised from year to year. 

NEW TEACHERS. 

A native teacher of the French language, Mademoiselle De Monpas- 
sant, was the only addition made to the corps of instructors during the 
year. 

BENEFACTIONS. 

The seminary has received, since the last anniversary, a legacy of 
-'61,000 from the late Dr. Jonah Kittridge, of Glastenbury, Connecticut, 
aud a gift of $7,500 from A. Lyman Williston, esq., of Florence, Mas- 
sachusetts. 

SCHOLARSHIP-FUND. 

The scholarship-fund now amounts to about $19,000. About $15,000 
of the sum was bequeathed to the seminary some years ago by Miss 
Phcebe W. Hazletine ; but the will being contested, the money did not 
come into the possession of the treasurer till last winter. 

LIBRARY. 

The number of volumes added to the library during the year was 824, 
nearly all of thein gifts from Mrs. Henry F. Durant, of Boston. 

147 



52 

MUSEUM. 

The museum was increased by gifts of a collection of Chinese terns, 
specimens of insects, two very valuable steel-engravings, also some 
chrornos, photographs, and statuettes. 

PUBLICATIONS. 

The annual catalogue of officers, students, &c, of the seminary, anni- 
versary programme, and a circular relating to specimens wanted for 
the natural-history museum. 

THE MARY LYON FUND. 

A circular has been issued calling on the alumnae to form associations 
for the purpose of raising a fund for the institution, to be known as the 
Mary Lyon fund. The effort was started by the New Haven aluinnse, 
and has been taken in charge by a national association, of which Mrs. 
Moses Smith, of Chicago, is president. 



143 



RHODE ISLAND. 



BROWN UNIVERSITY, PROVIDENCE. 

The one hundred and fifth annual commencement of Brown Uni- 
versity excites marked interest as the first under the administration of 
the new president, Rev. Dr. E. G. Robinson, formerly of Rochester 
Theological Seminary. Under him the university has prospered during 
the year, though there has been no singular or special advance over the 
progress of preceding years. 

June 24, at 9.30 o'clock, the Phi-Beta-Kappa Society met in Manning 
Hall and elected Professor T. S. Greene, LL. D., president for the en- 
suing year. After the business-meeting the members of the society 
marched to the First Baptist Meeting-house, where Professor Charles C. 
Everett, D. D., of the Divinity School of Harvard University, delivered 
an oration on " The imagination in its relation to life and culture." 

THE ALUMNI-MEETINGr. 

A meeting of the alumni was held in Manning Hall at 4 o'clock. The 
graduates of the university gathered in large numbers. Inspired with 
earnest interest in their alma mater, the alumni of Brown have been 
for years impatient for a participation in its government. The college- 
charter is perpetual, and cannot be modified save by the consent of the 
corporation. It vests the whole government in the boards of fellows and 
trustees with the power of continued succession. The corporation can- 
not relinquish this trust by a voluntary abnegation of power, and is 
adverse to legislative changes. While the charter remains as it is, the 
alumni can have no share in college-government known to the law. The 
gist of this afternoon's long discussion was the aim of the alumni 
to get an advisory capacity in the college-government. An alumni 
committee of conference with a corporation-committee presented a re- 
port, through the Hon. H. B. Staples, of Worcester, recommending the 
annual appointment of an advisory board of seven alumni, who shall 
advise with the corporation in all suitable matters, and the nomination 
of the alumni at their annual meeting of three of their number for any 
existing or future vacancy in the board of trustees, the advisory board 
to recommend one of the said three to the corporation for election. 
William Goddard, of Providence, spoke for the corporation, praying 
for co-operation of the alumni and corporation, and the adoption of 
some such plan as proposed by the committee which the corporation 
would accept. The committee's report, amended by requiring the ad- 
visory board to recommend to the corporation the three names selected 

H9 



54 

as candidates by tbe alumni, and no others, passed unanimously. The 
Hon. Eowland G. Hazard, of Peacedale ; Mr. Alex. Farnuin, of Provi- 
dence ; Col. E. B. Stoddard, of Worcester; Ex-President Alexis Caswell, 
of Providence; Professor S. S. Greene, of the university ; Mi. Charles 
B. Goff, of Providence ; and the Hon. Frank W. Bird, of Walpole, were 
appointed as the alumni advisory board. Two vacancies in the board 
of trustees, caused by the death of Richard Arnold and John B. Hart- 
well, both of Providence and both Baptists, were announced. To avoid 
haste in so weighty a matter, the nomination of candidates to the cor- 
poration on Thursday was deferred, and the advisory board was in- 
structed to prepare and publish a plan for the voting of alumni for can- 
didates for trustees. The association adjourned after re-electing its old 
officers. 

COMMENCEMENT-DAY. 

On June 25 the alumni assembled early in and about the college- 
building, being represented by men of all ages, from the gray graduate of 
three score and ten to the stripling just weaned from the bosom of his 
alma mater. The graduates, present in greater force than usual, dis- 
cussed the action taken at the meeting of the Alumni- Association yester- 
day afternoon, and found good augury for the future welfare of the college 
in even the slight step made toward welding the scattered sous ot 
Brown by firmer ties to their foster-mother. The administration ot 
President Robinson was generally considered to have begun with the 
fairest auspices. 

The annual procession of the alumni, in the order of their classes,, 
with the graduating class, graced by the presence of State and city dig- 
nitaries, was formed before Manning Hall, in the college-yard, at 9.30 
o'clock, and, preceded by a band, marched to the First Baptist Meeting- 
house, which was crowded to excess. The programme embraced twelve 
orations. 

DEGREES IN COURSE. 

The graduating class numbered 40 members, of whom 30 received the 
degree of A. B. and 10 that of Ph. B. The degrees of A. M. in course 
were 19. 

HONORARY DEGREES CONFERRED. 

Ph. B. : W. Whitman Bailey, Providence, Rhode Island — 1. 

A. M. : Professor Charles D. Bray, of Tufts College ; Caleb F. Harris. 
Providence ; Hon. Henry Howard, governor of Rhode Island — 3. 

LL. D. : Hon. Thomas Allen Jenckes, of the class of 1838, Providence. 
Rhode Island; Hon. George Van Ness Lothrop, of theclass of 1838, Detroit, 
Michigan ; Hon. Henry Chapin, of the class of 1835, Worcester, Massa- 
chusetts — 3. 

THE ALUMNI-DINNER. 

After the exercises in the church the procession was reformed and, 
501 



55 

with greatly increased numbers, marched back to the college-grounds, 
and into a large tent pitched on the campus in the rear of University 
Hall, where the customary commencement-dinner was eaten. Poems 
were read by Hon. Charles Thurber, of Brooklyn, and Mr. Henry Whit- 
aker, of Providence. President Eobinson spoke of the history and 
accomplishment of the university, and urged its great needs. It must 
have much money and be greatly changed to keep pace with progress 
and to befit its situation in the very center of American manufacturing 
industry, and in a city the wealthiest in the world, according to its size 
Twenty-five thousand dollars had already been pledged by a friend of 
the university. Every graduate and every friend of education must loose 
his purse-strings, and put his shoulder to the yoke. The Hon. Charles S. 
Bradley, of Providence, stated that the class of 1838 had agreed to endow- 
an ample scholarship with $3,000, or more if desired, in memory of 
deceased classmates.; 

CHANGES IN FACULTY. 

The faculty of Brown now numbers nine professors and four lec- 
turers and instructors. Last year there was the same number in the 
faculty, but the presidency and the professorship of moral and intellec- 
tual philosophy were distinct, being filled by the Rev, Dr. Alexis Caswell 
and George I. Chace, LL. D., respectively. Professor Chace having re- 
signed his chair to travel in Europe, Dr. Robinson, his successor to the 
presidency, assumed also the vacant professorship. The appointment 
of J. W. P. Jenkes as director of the museum of natural history and lec- 
turer on special branches Of agriculture increased the faculty to its 
former number. In the university there are now 204 undergraduates, 
against 224 last year. 

SCHOLARSHIPS. 

Five scholarships— amount not given — have been founded since the 
last commencement. 

LIBRARY. 

The increase of the library from purchases has been about 500 vol- 
umes. From gifts, about 100 other volumes and 300 pamphlets have 
been received. 

MUSEUM. 

The museum has been augmented by many gifts in various depart- 
ments of natural history. It has also had $1,000 given it for new show- 
cases. 

PUBLICATIONS. 

Report of treasurer and annual catalogue for 1872-'73. 

151 



CONNECTICUT- 



YALE COLLEGE, NEW HAVEN. 

OPENING OF COMMENCEMENT-WEEK. 

According to time-honored custom, the baccalaureate-sermon, by Pres- 
ident Porter, introduced the commencement-week at Yale. This ser- 
mou, from the text " Who is he that overcometh the world, but he that 
believeth that Jesus is the Son of God?" was an argument for the 
acceptance of Christ as a personal Savior, in opposition to those who 
would make Him a mere ideal, subjective, or imaginary being. It urged 
that He be taken to the heart as He is presented in the Scriptures, as the 
Son of God and Son of Man, almighty in His power, and most human in 
His sympathies ; that the idea of connection with such a Savior was 
needed by all who enter on the conflicts of existence or give themselves 
to the business of the world; needed the more as culture refines the 
sensibilities and enlarges the capacity for happiness or pain ; and needed 
as long as groping souls should be seeking after God, or sinful ones be 
longing for forgiveness, or struggling ones want help in their great con- 
flicts, or suffering ones require sympathy and aid from a being that can 
be touched with a feeling of their infirmities. 

SHEFFIELD SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL. 

On Monday evening came the anniversary-exercises of the Sheffield 
Scientific School. These consisted mainly in the reading of extracts 
from theses prepared by members of the graduating class as one of the 
conditions of their graduation, after which the names of the successful 
contestants for prizes were announced and the diplomas distributed. 
The exercises were held in the new building, of which notice will be 
given elsewhere. 

PRESENTATION-DAY. 

Tuesday, class- or presentation-day had its usual amount of overflow- 
ing mischief, and, as an unusual thing, a fifty-minute oration from the 
class-orator, William Addison Houghton, of Holliston, Massachusetts, 
who took for his subject, "The future of American democracy, es- 
pecially ns affected by the growing influence of great rail road -corpora- 
tions on the material prosperity and the legislative action of our land " — 
an oration which is said to have been listened to with great attention 
by the professors and members of the college present. 

» 152 



57 

MEDICAL AND LAW SCHOOLS. 

The closing exercises of the Medical School were also held on Tuesday, 
the 24th, the examination of the class occurring in the morning and the 
delivery of the diplomas in the evening. Three candidates received the 
degree of M. D. on this occasion. 

The Law School closed its exercises the same day, with 15 graduates. 

MEETING OF THE ALUMNI. 

Wednesday of commencement- week is the set time for the meeting of 
the alumni, who gathered on this occasion in great numbers. The chief 
feature of the occasion was an allusion by Hon. William M. Evarts to 
the decay and disbandment of the old literary societies, with an urgent 
appeal for the revival of their exercises as a means of developing and 
cultivating eloquence. Judge Pierrepont, too, spoke forcibly of the 
character which Tale stamped on its students, and alluded feelingly to 
the important fact that amid the wreck of public reputations last year 
in the United States, the good name of no Tale man was touched. 
' Never forget," he said in conclusion, "that a college is not primarily a 
place of knowledge, but quite as much of training, of discipline, of 
character." 

The annual necrologic list of the deceased alumni contained many 
names of men that will be sadly missed, such as those of Professor Had- 
ley, long identified with Tale ; Dr. Peet, the successful educator of the 
deaf and dumb ; Dr. Saunders, founder of the Presbyterian Free Hospital 
in Philadelphia ; Dr. Gurley, the life of the Colonization Society for 
years; the Hon. E. I. Ingersoll, once minister to Bussia; Hon. Henry 
Hogeboom, of New Tork, judge of court of appeals ; Dr. Leavitt, the 
well-known editor, with others that have made their mark upon their 
generation and done large service in the Church and in the world. The 
whole number of deaths Tep or ted was 82. 

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE WOOLSEY FUND.' 

The executive committee that have especially in charge the effort to 
raise $500,000 for the college, reported in the afternoon to the general 
committee that 33 per cent, of the proposed fund ($167,115.03) had been 
subscribed by 16 per cent, of the living graduates, and that $100,000 
had been paid over to the college-treasurer, on the condition of the pas- 
sage of a resolution by the corporation that it should be held forever as 
a permanent fund, to be designated as the Woolsey fund, always to be in- 
vested in productive securities, and the income devoted to the uses of 
the university as the president and fellows might from time to time di- 
rect. Of course, this resolution was in due form passed, and that 
portion of the Woolsey fund made thus forever a part of the endow- 
ment. To complete the enterprise there yet remains $332,814.97 to be 

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58 

raised. Some thousands of this were subscribed at the class-reuuions in 
the evening. 

ELECTION OF NEW MEMBERS OF THE CORPORATION. 

The election held to-day by the alumni, to fill the two vacancies in 
the corporation, caused by the expiration ot Mr. Evarts's term and by 
the resignation of Mr. Joseph E. Sheffield, resulted in the choice of Hon. 
William M. Evarts for a new term, and of Mason Youug, esq., of New 
York City, for the five years remaining of Mr. Sheffield's term. 

COMMENCEMENT-DAY. 

At 9 o'clock ou Thursday, the 26th, a bright and breezy day, the pro- 
cession of college-officers, visitors, and students was formed and pro- 
ceeded to the Centre Church, where, after prayer by President Porter, 
fifteen orations and dissertations were delivered by selected members of 
the graduating class. The delivery of diplomas followed, 112 of the 
academic department receiving the degree of A. B. in course, and 43 
that of A. M. in course. 

In the philosophic department, inclusive of the Sheffield Scientific- 
School, 29 were made Ph. B. in course ; 2 Dyn. Eug. ; 2 C. E., and S 
Ph.D. 

Of the law school, 15 became LL.B. ; of the medical, 3 M. D. ; of the 
theological, 21 D. B. 

HONORARY DEGREES. 

D. D. : Professor J. H. Thayer, of Audover Theological Seminary — 1. 

LL. 1). : Professor Lyman H. Atwater, D. D., of Princeton College, New 
Jersey; Hon. Origen S. Seymour, chief justice of Connecticut supreme 
court; Hon. Edwards Pierrepont, of New York City — 3. 

M. A. : Ex-Governor James E. English, of New Haven ; Ex-Governor 
Marshall Jewell, of Hartford ; Mordecai C. Cook, of England ; Bev. Bichard 
C. Greene, of Springfield, Massachusetts ; Professor N. M. Terry, of 
United States Naval Academy ; Henry C. Towusend, of Philadelphia : 
Professor John E. Clark, of Yale College ; Professor Johnson T. Piatt, 
of Yale College ; Professor Erancis A. Walker, of Yale College — 9. 

THE ALUMNI-DINNER. 

Although the formal annual meeting of the alumni of Yale takes 
place on the Wednesday before commencement, the informal gathering 
at the. dinner, given by the college to its alumni, immediately after the 
close of the commencement-exercises — when the president and corpora- 
tion, with distinguished guests, the faculty, the alumni by classes iu 
order of seniority, closing with the class that has just graduated, now 
for the first time admitted to the company of the alumni, march in 
ordered procession from the great college-tent, pitched in front of 

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59 

Alumni Hall, into the ball — is the real attraction of commencement to 
most of the older graduates, for the half-hour before the opening of the 
dining-hall affords the best opportunity for greeting old friends, and the 
meetings under the tent are full of pleasant surprises. 

Seats were provided for six hundred, classes being seated to- 
gether. After the confusion of seating subsided, a brief prayer was 
offered by Ex-President Woolsey. At the conclusion of the repast, Presi- 
dent Porter made a brief opening-address, in which, after paying a feel- 
ing tribute to the great loss to the college and true learning experienced 
during the past year in the death of Professor James Hadley , he reviewed 
briefly the history of the college in its various departments during the 
year. 

The announcement of the establishment of a fellowship by Hon. Samuel 
Miller, and that the brilliant valedictorian of the graduating-class, Mr. 
Tarbell, had been chosen to fill it, was received with applause. The 
receipt of $100,000 for the Woolsey fund was acknowledged, and certain 
proposed changes thereby made possible, increasing the instruction given 
to the freshman and sophomore classes, given in detail. "Itw#s,he said, 
their further policy to enlarge the faculties in all the departments, to 
provide more largely for graduate students, and thus in time to form a 
real university, including careful tutorial instruction at first, and en- 
larged and liberal culture in the end." 

" This policy has been forever settled. There is no desire to turn a good 
college into a sham or a poor university, or to contract the limits of lib- 
eral studies. To enable the college to accomplish. this, the earnest sup- 
port of the alumni was confidently relied on. No man can tell what 
changes may be required within the next ten or thirty years, but what- 
ever requirements may be reasonably made by an advanced and en- 
lightened sentiment they shall be met if the graduates of the college 
will give it the assistance it needs." 

The president then introduced the Rev. Br. Ely, professor in the Uni- 
versity of Glasgow, and the Rev. Dr. Calderwood, of the University of 
Edinburgh, the latter an emineut metaphysician. Professor Ely spoke 
for a few moments, with marked Scotch accent. He spoke in praise of 
the exercises of the day, especially complimenting the valedictory ad- 
dress. He also alluded in terms of the highest praise to President Por- 
ter, as one whose reputation as a profound scholar was well known in 
Scotland. He was glad to hear that the curriculum was to be enlarged 
and broadened. More culture and scholarship is needed, and the courses 
of graduate study are especialty important. 

Professor Calderwood also expressed himself as greatly pleased with 
his observations at the college. " He was not sure that he should dare to 
tell his students at home all the privileges of the Yale students, for fear 
they would become clamorous to have them introduced. In Scotlaud 
no music was allowed on such an occasion, but he was sure it was a 
most pleasing feature, and he should almost approve its introduction at 

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60 

home." He concluded with an eloquent reference to the study of meta- 
physics, which is a favorite science with Scotchmen, who, on this ac- 
count, knew and honored the name of Yale's president. 

Ex-President Woolsey, the next speaker, was greeted with enthusiastic 
demonstrations of regard. He spoke of the defects of the college when 
he entered it in 181G. " There was too little incitement to study; the 
student was left too much alone. He thirsted for knowledge, and the 
college did not satisfy his needs, so he read by himself various Latin 
poets, a great part of whom was not fit to read, and he contracted great 
faults of study, requiring years to overcome. The danger then was of 
acquiring a fluent, hasty scholarship. Now all this is changed and there 
is thorough instruction from the first, a system which the president and 
all his colleagues have determined to carry through if the graduates 
will furnish the means. The essence of a liberal education is in placing 
knowledge below culture, and culture below character. Let the young 
man have the thirsc for knowledge and by and by he finds that some- 
thing which we call culture, and if the knowledge all passes away the 
culture which remains will be worth all the cost. In acquiring culture 
character is formed. The student becomes a man with the spirit of 
accuracy, the love of truth, understanding the history of past ages, and 
seeing a great plau in the world emanating from the infinite mind — a 
divine development; I do not mean "evolution.'" I don't believe in a 
cell or a mouod, a mass of jelly with a mouth and tail, from which 
finally is evolved a mau. Power is worth nothing without character- 
I believe the highest purpose of this instruction is to preside over the 
spirit and general development of the student and to help him form a 
manly character.'" 

President Porter then introduced the Hon. William M. Evarts, who 
thanked the alumni for his re-election, and made an urgent plea in 
behalf of the Woolsey fund. 

Excellent speeches followed from members of the class of 1853, a class 
remarkable for its large number of talented men. Two of the speakers 
were ex-confederates. General Randall Lee Gibson, of Louisiana, and 
General Stoddart Johnson, of Kentucky, both made brief addresses, ex- 
pressing the fervor and devotion of their attachment to the college, and 
bearing testimony to the strength of these ties during the bitter strug- 
gles of the war. General Gibson paid a touching tribute to the memories 
of President Day aud Professors Olmstead and Silliman. Hon. I. Wayne 
McVeagb, ex-United States minister to Constantinople, in a charac- 
teristically brilliant speech, recalled old memories, and made a strong 
plea for the revival of the old college-societies, the Brothers in Unity 
and Liuonia. Colonel Homer B. Sprague, class of 1852, followed in an 
eloquent appeal in the same strain, declaring that " those two societies in 
their palmy days were the best schools of oratory in the country." 

Perhaps the most interesting episode of the afternoon was the speejh 
of Rev. Mr. Turner, of Hartford, a graduate of 1819, the oldest present 
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61 

When he was a young man, struggling with poverty, he had given the 
college $200. " I have come here to-day to give my $500, and here it 
is." He had a son in '46, and a grandson in ? 68. 

The concluding speech was by Professor Sumner, of the class of 1863, 
who gave an interesting report of the recent advances made by the 
college, and its hopes and aspirations for the future. 

CHANGES AND ADDITIONS TO THE FACULTY. 

In the department of philosophy and art, at the last commencement, 
the professorship of modern languages founded by the late A. R. Street, 
esq., of the class of 1812, was, at the request of the incumbent, Professor 
E. B. Coe, and in conformity with the original desire of the founder, 
restricted to the French and Romance languages, by the establishment 
of a new professorship of German and the Germanic languages. To 
this Mr. Franklin Carter, formerly of the class of 1859, was appointed, 
resigning his professorship of Latin in Williams College. During the 
past winter he has been in Europe, studying in preparation for his new 
work, and is expected to begin his duties in the coming autumn. During 
the past year also Professor A. W. Wright has begun his instruction in 
chemistry and physics. 

The Sheffield Scientific School has, during the past year, lost the serv- 
ices of Professor D. C. Gilman, who has accepted the presidency of 
the State University of California. The vacancy thus caused has been 
filled by the election of General Francis A. Walker, Commissioner of 
Indian Affairs and Superintendent of the United States Census. The 
chair of Professor Walker is designated as that of political economy 
and history. 

In the law-school, Rev. Leonard Bacon, D. D., LL. D., has consented 
to deliver an annual course of lectures at the school on ecclesiastical 
law, and Professor Baldwin has taken the place of the late Professor 
Hadley in lecturing on Roman law. Rev. William W. Atwater, of the 
class of 1846, has been appointed librarian of the department, and has 
enteied upon his duties. 

The medical school has to record the resignation of two of its profes- 
sors during the past year, viz, Professor C. L. Ives, M. D., and Pro- 
fessor G. F. Barker, M. D. Professor Ives filled the chair of the theory 
and practice of medicine. The vacancy occasioned by the resignation 
of Professor Ives will in all probability be filled by Dr. David P. Smith, 
of Springfield, Massachusetts, who has been nominated to the corpora- 
tion of Yale College for that position. The chair left by Professor 
Barker is still vacant, but full provision will be made for instruction in 
this department before the beginning of the lecture-term. 

In the post-graduate department, which now contains 30 graduates of 
the college, besides 50 from the philosophic schools, Mr. J. Hammond 
Trumbull, of Hartford, has agreed to fill a new lectureship on the Indian 
languages of North America ; while, with a view to'greater subdivision 

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62 

of the freshman-class, and bringing the students into closer relations 
with their instructors, tutorships have been offered to Stuart Phelps, of 
the class of 1869; E. S. Dana and S. R. Morrow, of the class of 1870: 
and C. D. Hine (of Lebanon, Connecticut) and W. B. Riggs, of the 
class of 1871. 

Mr. Frederic R. Honey has been appointed "instructor of geometry 
and perspective" in the School of Art. 

NEW FELLOWSHIP. 

The college receives this summer the fuud for a graduate fellowship, 
the first, it is reasonably hoped, of a number of such foundations. The 
sum of $10,000 is given by the Hon. Samuel Miller, of New Haven, to 
found the Douglas fellowship, so named in memorial of his wife's brothers. 
Rev. Sutherland Douglas, of the class of 1822, and George H. Douglas, 
of the class of 1828. By the terms of the gift it is to yield at least $600 
a year, and the holder of the fellowship is to be chosen from the recent 
graduates in arts by annual election, with the sole restriction that the 
same person shall not continue in receipt of the income for more than 
three years. The selection is to be made on the ground of high promise 
in scholarship and worth of character, and the incumbent is expected to 
render to the college certain defined service, such as shall not, however, 
interfere with his private study. Mr. Frank Bigelow Tarbell, of West 
Groton, Massachusetts, the valedictorian for 1873, has been made the 
first incumbent. 

BENEFACTIONS. 

Besides the $100,000 from the Woolsey fund and the above-mentioned 
foundation for a fellowship, a legacy of $1,000 has been left to the col- 
lege by Mr. H. W. Scott, of the class of 1863, from the income of which 
two prizes of the value of $30 each are to be given yearly in the form of 
books, for excellence in the scholarship of modern languages, or such 
other department of study as the faculty may select. A gift of $1,000 
has been made by Mrs. Julia J. Abbe, of Hartford, to be added to the 
beneficiary funds, with the name of the Jones scholarship, in memory 
of Rev. E. C. Jones, of Southington, a late member of the corporation. 

In the theological department a bequest of two thousand dollars has 
been received from Mrs. Edward Bull for the foundation of a scholarship, 
to be named in honor of her husband, the Rev. Edward Bull, (Yale Col- 
lege, 1816,) late of Cheshire, Connecticut, who was one of the students 
who memorialized the corporation of the college, in 1822, for a more 
full provision for theological instruction than had been previously 
enjoyed in the college, and in connection with whose petitiou the 
seminary was established. A legacy of $1,000 has also been made to 
the institution by Rev. Thomas Tallman, late of Scotland, Connecticut, 
a graduate of the class of 1810, who has, thus, like several other grad- 
uates of the seminary, kindly remembered its interests in the final dis- 
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63 

position of his property. Mr. Henry Trowbridge, of New Haven, has 
added to his former donations, for the reference-library, a gift of $300, 
for the purchase of the most important theological books, in various 
languages, which have been published during the year. Hon. James 
B. English, of New Haven, has also laid the foundation of the perma- 
nent endowment of the law-department, by giving to the college the sum 
of $10,000, in trust, the income to be devoted annually to the mainte- 
nance and increase of the law-library. 

The Sheffield Scientific School, besides a new building from Mr. Joseph 
E. Sheffield, has received $1,000 from Mr. John J. Crooks, of New York 
City, and $570 from the class of 1871. 

THE LIBRARY. 

The increase of the library for the past year has been 1,800 volumes, 
800 by purchase and the remainder by gift, and 1,200 pamphlets also by 
gift. In the purchases are included 125 volumes added to the Salis- 
bury orieutal collection from funds provided by Professor Salisbury. 

The following gifts of money for special departments of the library 
have been received and will be expended during the coming year: 
From Professor O. C. Marsh and Mr. Frederick W. Stevens $500 each 
for Chinese and Japanese literature ; from Mr. George Peabody Wet- 
more $200 for the department of political economy, and from an anony- 
mous douor $50 for the same object. 

The gifts in books have been as follows : 

Professor Dana, to whom in past years the library has been largely 
indebted, has given 300 volumes, embracing several valuable series of 
publications of learned societies, and scientific journals. 

From Mr. Richard S. Fellowes the complete set, as far as published, 
of the Archceologische Zeitwig, 29 volumes quarto, with the promise of 
the continuation ; also the documents relating to the history of the 
Netherlands, published by Gachard, 17 volumes quarto and octavo. 

From Rev. E. L. Heermance, Tischendorf 's Monumenta Sac. Inedita, 8 
volumes ; F. W. Stevens, esq., The Mirror of Parliament, 30 volumes ; 
State of California, the publications of the geological survey of the 
State, 5 volumes ; Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 9 vol- 
umes of its Bulletin ; Messrs. Holt & Williams, publishers, 23 volumes. 

The proposed consolidation of the libraries of the two societies, the 
Linonian and the Brothers in Unity, spoken of in last year's report, has 
been carried out. The books have been entirely re-arranged, many 
worn-out volumes thrown aside, about five thousand duplicates set apart 
for sale or exchange, and a new catalogue, an octavo volume of 344 
pages, printed. About 500 volumes have been added during the year. 

In the law-library over $12,000 has been expended during the year 
in the purchase of new books, and the collection of English and Ameri- 
can reports is now complete. A considerable number of modern law- 

. 159 



64 

treatises bave also been added to tbe library, so tbat it is now in a very 
satisfactory condition. 

The college-library now contains over 60,000 volumes ; those of the 
Linonian and Brothers' library amount to 16,000, and those of the pro- 
fessional schools to 10,00ft, in all, 86,000 volumes. 

THB MUSEUM. 

Geological department. — Very considerable additions to the geological 
department of the museum have been made during the past year, and 
a large proportion of these additions have been remains of fossil verte- 
brates, to which particular attention has been directed. 

Continued efforts have been made to increase the collection in oste- 
ology, more especially as an aid to the study of vertebrate remains. 
Several hundred skeletons of recent animals, most of them carefully 
identified, have been obtained during the year, so that ample facilities 
are now afforded for the study of comparative osteology. 

The most important and valuable additions to the geological collec- 
tion during the past year have been obtained from the cretaceous de- 
posits of the West. A very valuable portion of them was obtained by 
a small party which left New Haven, in October last, under the charge 
of the curator, and spent about two months in Kansas, Colorado, and 
Wyoming, collecting fossil vertebrates. 

A very considerable and expensive collection, mostly of foreign ver- 
tebrate fossils, has been obtained from Europe, and a large collection 
of bones of extinct birds from New Zealand. Other important additions 
have been received. 

Department of archaeology and ethnology. — The acquisitions in this de- 
partment have been large and important during the past year, although 
no opportunity is yet afforded for making them available for study. 
The most valuable addition has been a large collection of antiquities, 
mostly from Central America, which was made by M. de Zeltner, consul 
of France, during his long residence at Panama. This collection con- 
tains probably the finest series of gold images and pottery from Chiriqui 
ever brought together, and is also especially rich in stone implements. 
The entire collection was purchased in Paris by Professor Marsh and 
presented to this department. 

Another collection of much interest is a large series of native skulls 
from the Sandwich Islands, presented by Hon. J. S. Christie, jr., vice- 
consul of the United States at Honolulu. 

Large collections of stone implements, especially from the West, have 
also been received. 

Zoological department. — During the past year the principal part of the 
special work in zoology has been devoted to the marine animals of New 
England waters. 

The osteological collection has also been greatly enriched, mainly 
through the very liberal donations made by Professor Marsh, who has 
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65 

not only purchased rare and valuable specimens, both mounted and 
unmounted, but has employed men to prepare a large number of skele- 
tons from fresb specimens. 

School of Art. — The cast of the gates of the Baptistery, at Florence, 
has been erected at the west end of the north gallery, and occupies a 
space of about 14 by 22 feet. The total expense of the purchase and plac- 
ing of this beautiful work of art amounts to $1,049.60, which amount 
was made up, by donations and other means, as follows: 

Mr. Edward E. Salisbury, $235 j Mr. Henry Farnam, $100 ; Mr. R. S. 
Eellowes, $50; Mr. Daniel C. Eaton, (S. S. S.,) $25; Rev. E. L. Heer- 
mance, $24; through lesser subscriptions and other sources, $334; 
proceeds of Professor Weir's lectures, $281.50 ; by which means this 
expense was fully met. 

NEW BUILDING OF THE SHEFFIELD SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL. 

The most important addition to the resources of this school made 
during the year is the construction and equipment of a new building 
for recitation- and lecture-rooms, collections, and drawing-rooms. This 
is situated on Prospect street, directly north of the old Sheffield Hall, 
and has a front of 76 and a depth of 84 feet. It is built of brick, and 
contains substantially five stories. Besides a large lecture-room on the 
main story, capable of seating about 400 persons, and a large room for 
drawing, in the fourth story, it has 14 commodious recitation- and lecture- 
rooms, four private studies for professors, and seven private rooms for 
instructors. The building is warmed throughout by steam-heated air, 
and is furnished in the most complete and satisfactory manner. The 
whole is the gift of the munificent patron of the school, Mr. Joseph E. 
Sheffield, and was begun entirely at his own suggestion. Its comple- 
tion enables the school, for the first time in several years, to carry on 
its work of instruction wholly on its own ground. The building is spe- 
cially designated as North Sheffield Hall. 

Two new dormitories have also been added to the accommodations 
for the students of the university, and a new hospital for the medical 
department is drawing near completion. 

PUBLICATIONS. 

The annual catalogue, instruction for graduates and special students, 
Yale College in 1873, and obituary record of graduates, published by 
a committee of the alumni. 



TRINITY COLLEGE, HARTFORD. 

PRELIMINARY EXERCISES. 

On Sunday morning, June 29, the holy communion was adminis- 
tered in the college- chapel, and the baccalaureate-sermon preached by 
5 E 16L 



66 

President Jackson. Bishop Williams read the closing prayers, and pro- 
nounced the benediction. 

COLLEGE-CONVOCATION. 

On Wednesday morning the house of convocation assembled in the 
chapel, and after religious services there, adjourned to the cabinet, where 
the business-meeting was held. The dean, Eev. John A. Paddock, 
D. D., called the meeting to order and made a short address. 

Professor Pynchon reported that the alumni-library fund now amounts 
to $2,925. The committee having that matter in hand was continued. 

The Rev. P. L. Shepard, A. M., of the class of 1852, and John Day 
Ferguson, A. M., of the class of 1851, were nominated junior fellows, 
to hold office for three years. 

It was voted to instruct the standing committee to consider hereafter 
no application for admission to an ad eundem degree unless it shall have 
been presented in writing to the chairman of the committee at least two 
weeks before commencement. 

The convocation met again in the afternoon and resolved to appoint 
a committee of the corporation as to some method by which the alumni 
may have a voice in the nomination and election of new trustees. 

COMMENCEMENT PROPER. 

The exercises of the commencement were held on Thursday morning, 
at the Opera House, when seventeen graduates of the class of 1873 
received the degree of A. B. in course, and fifteen of that of 1870 the 
degree of A. M. in course. Two graduates of the Scientific School re- 
ceived that of Sc. B. 

HONORARY DEGREES. 

One gentleman, Eev. D. B. Knickerbocker, A. M., of the class of 1853, 
received the honorary degree of D. D. ; two, Eev. William Cooper Mead, 
D. D., and Professor John C. Draper, of the University of New York, 
that of LL. D. ; and one, Mr. Nathan B. Warren, Mus. B., that of Doctor 
of Music. 

ADDITIONAL COURSE CONTEMPLATED. 

Some plan of post-graduate study, it is reported, will probably be 
adopted during the coming year. 

NEW PROFESSORS APPOINTED. 

The chair of mathematics and natural philosophy has been divided. 
Professor Brocklesby has become professor of natural philosophy and 
astronomy, and Assistant Professor Hart has become professor of math- 
ematics. 

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67 



BENEFACTIONS. 



The legacy of Mr. Chester Adams, amounting to about $60,000, has 
been paid into the treasury, as has also that of Mr. Jedediah Hunting- 
ton, of $5,000. 



LIBRARY. 

The increase of the library during the year has been, from gifts in 
books, about 100 volumes ; from gifts in pamphlets, about 200. 

NEW BUILDINGS. 

No new buildings have been erected daring the year, the present col- 
lege-site having been sold to the city-authorities for the purposes of a 
public park. With the money thus secured an entirely new set of build- 
ings for the college is to be put up in a commanding location. 

Part of Browned Hall has been destroyed, in order to make room for 
the new State-house. Plans have been in part agreed upon for the new 
buildings, the sketches being from Mr. Burges, the distinguished archi- 
tect of London. The new college-park, which will contain about forty 
acres, is to be laid out by Mr. Fred. Law Olmsted. The college will be 
removed to its new site in 1877. Until that time its work is carried on, 
with every needed facility, in its present location. 

PUBLICATIONS. 

A new edition of Professor Pynchon's Chemical Physics has been pub- 
lished by Van Nostrand, of New York. 

The only official publications by the college have been its annual cata- 
logue, commencement and prize version programmes, and examination- 
papers. 

The alumni published an oration of Hon. Stewart L. Woodford, and 
the students a monthly paper, The Tablet, and an annual, The Ivy. 



WESLEYAN UNIVEBSITY, MIDDLETOWN. 
CHANGE OF TIME FOR COMMENCEMENT. 

In common with most eastern colleges, the Wesleyan University placed 
its commencement- week this year nearly a month earlier than hereto- 
fore, shortening the spring and fall recesses, thus closing the college 
during the excessive summer-heat and securing a three-months' vaca- 
tion, with a full academic year. 

SHOW OF PHYSICAL CULTURE. 

On Tuesday came the gymnastic exhibition, which is becoming an 
important feature of commencement- week, and which showed on the part 
of the exhibitors a high degree of physical training. The performances 

163 



68 

here consisted of exercises upon the parallel bars, feats in the ring, the 
horizontal bar, trapeze, leapings, and other kindred means of developing 
skill and strength. 

A boat-race between the university and freshman crews occurred on 
Wednesday, again displaying the physical side of the college-training, 
and proving, from the amount of muscular power exhibited, that out- 
door exercises have a fair proportion of attention given them. A new 
boat-house, costing $1,200, is one evidence of the interest displayed in 
these. 

COMMENCEMENT. 

The regular commencement-exercises, consisting of a procession, 
prayer, music, addresses by members of the graduating class, and con- 
ferring of degrees, came in order on Thursday, June 26, under the direc- 
tion of President Cummiugs. Fourteen members of the class engaged 
in these. 

At the close of the addresses the degree of A. B. was conferred on 
thirty-four members of the graduating class, and that of A. M., in course, 
on thirty-one in the class of three years preceding. 

HONORARY DEGREES. 

The honorary degree of A. M. was bestowed on Mr. Otis T. Hall and 
the Eevs. Varnum A. Cooper, Thomas D. Littlewood, and Richard Har- 
court — 4. 

That of D. D. was given to the Rev. Messrs. Albert S. Hunt, Orlando 
H. Jasper, George F. Kettle, Andrew McKeown, and James Pike — 5. 

NEW DEPARTMENTS. 

Two new departments, one of modern languages and one of analyti- 
cal chemistry, have been added during the year, and it is proposed to 
have two scientific courses, of four years each, running parallel with 
the academic course. 

NEW PROEESSORS. 

To fill the new chair of modern languages Professor Prentice has been 
transferred from the Olin professorship of rhetoric and English litera- 
ture, and Professor C. T. Winchester to that of the department thus 
vacated. Instruction in analytical chemistry will be provided. 

Professors Van Benscoten and Van Vleck were unanimously re-elected 
to their respective chairs, the time for which they were previously ap- 
pointed having expired. 

Professor John Johnson, LL. D., resigned the Fisk professorship of 
natural science, and was elected emeritus professor, on a salary of 
$1,500. 

ENDOWMENT OF NEW PROFESSORSHIPS. 

No permanent endowment for the two new professorships created has 

164 



69 

yet been provided, but it is said that the needful funds will be soon 
forthcoming. The salaries for the Dew professors were fixed at $2,500. 

CHANGE IN COURSE OF STUDIES. 

French and German are henceforth to be elective in the sophomore 
year. In the junior, in addition to previous elective studies, are to. 
come German, Latin, physics, and physical geography. To the senior 
electives were added mathematics, practical chemistry, practical work 
in biology and geology, Greek, general philology, natural theology, 
evidences of Christianity, psychology, and philosophy. 

The two four-year courses constituted will be distinguished by one 
of them containing Latin, the graduates in which will receive the degree 
of Ph. B. ; the other being without Latin, and securing its graduates 
the degree of Sc. B. 

CO-EDUCATION OF THE SEXES. 

The influence of this has been watched with interest during the 
-college-year. Four female students have kept along with the freshman- 
class and are now sophomores. Of these, two are said to be fine 
scholars, while all have stood well the strain upon their powers. The 
opposition to their presence, however, though vented in no insults to 
them, has been so strong that several male students have left, giving 
as a reason, in whole or in part, their antipathy to female classmates, 
and, possibly on this account, no further applications for admission of 
female students have been received. 

LEGACIES AND BENEFACTIONS. 

No legacies have been received during the year past; but at the 
meeting of the trustees a committee was appointed to investigate the 
claims of the university to the possession of certain moneys devised by 
the late Isaac Bich, esq. 

The benefactions, amounting to about $7,500, have been mainly 
individual subscriptions, ranging from $100 to $1,000, for increase of 
salaries. 

SALARIES OF OFFICERS. 

In the financial exhibit of the college, one professor is represented as 
^receiving $1,000 ; two, $1,200; two more, $1,500; the remaining six, 
$2,500 each, and the president $3,000. 

PROPERTY OF THE INSTITUTION. 

The property held, including buildings and apparatus, is estimated 
at $881,056.88, less $104,851.58 of indebtedness to the alumni-library 
fund and other creditors. 

The expenses are set down at $61,771.03 ; the receipts at the same 
amount. 

J 65 



70 

SCHOLARSHIP FOUNDED SINCE LAST COMMENCEMENT. 

One, for excellence in the Greek. The endowment for this is $150 
per annum, given by Colonel Watson C. Squire, of New York City. 

LIBRARY. 

The increase of the library during the year has amounted to 1,508 
volumes, 578 volumes being received in gifts, together with 275 pam- 
phlets. No moneyed gifts have come in for this increase. Present 
number of volumes, 24,258. 

MUSEUM. 

The number of specimens added to the museum in the past year has 
been about 1,800, of which the greater part were gifts. In money, $100 
has been received. 

PUBLICATIONS. 

The only official publications by the college have been the annual 
catalogue, programme, and financial statements. 

The Alumni Record for the year, originally compiled by Orange Judd, 
has been enlarged by the association, and forms a volume of 308 pages. 
The names of 1,028 graduates of the institution are enrolled, including 
those of the present graduating class. 



166 



NEW YORK. 



UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK, NEW YORK. 

The commencement of this important institution was held on Thurs- 
day, June 19, exciting the interest that usually attaches to the acts of 
great educational corporations in large cities. The degrees conferred 
were as follows : 

DEGREES IN COURSE. 

A. B., 6; A. M., 4; Sc. B., 5; C. E. 2,- Sc. M. 1; LL. B., 2G; M. D., 
74. 

All these degrees mean something, as the tests have been much 
severer than in past years, comprising both written and oral exercises, 
and the result shows a larger ratio of deficiency than usual, about 10 
per cent, of the students having been dropped and about the same pro- 
portion conditioned. 

HONORARY DEGREES. 

A.M.: name not given — 1; Ph.D.: Rev. A. Danker, Little Falls, New 
York — 1 ; D. D. : Rev. H. S. Carpenter, California ; Rev. S. W. Roe? 
Schoharie, New York ; Rev. W. H. Ward, New York ; Rev. A. W. Simp- 
son, Derby, England ; Rev. Wm. Arnot, Edinburgh, Scotland — 5. LL. 
D,: Professor J. Foster, Union University, Schenectady, New York — 1. 

At a meeting of the regents, held July 29, the following additional 
degrees were conferred : Ph. D. : President J. Allen, Alfred University ; 
A. Flack, A. M., President of Claverack Academy, New York — 2; D. C. 
L. : Hon. Wm. B. Lawrence, Newport, Rhode Island — 1. 

INCREASE OR CHANGES. 

No increase or change in any department appears from any official 
source, the 37 professors, with their 9 assistants, working on in the 
ways which they have found most efficient in the past; though a news- 
paper report states that a reorganization of the scientific department 
has taken place, and that considerable additions have been made to the 
means of instruction. 

FREE LECTURES. 

A commendable feature of the year has been the delivery of a course 
of free lectures, during the winter of 1872-'73, in the university-chapel, 
on Thursday evenings, by the president and professors, in the depart- 
ment of arts and science. These were all on subjects of much practical 
and historic interest, and must have been an important contribution to the 

167 



72 

cause of popular education in the city. The example is a good one, and 
might be imitated with advantage by other collegiate institutions in 
our towns, the large corps of highly educated men connected with them 
having ample stores of interesting information at command, which might 
go far to fill the minds and vivify the intellects of the communities by 
which they are surrounded. 

PUBLICATIONS. 

By President Crosby, Thoughts on the Decalogue, 160 pp., 12°. 
By the college, the annual catalogue. 



COLLEGE OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK, NEW YORK. 

COMMENCEMENT. 

At the commencement of the City College, held in the Academy of 
Music, on Thursday evening, June 26, the following degrees in course 
were bestowed upon the graduates, after the usual addresses : A. B., 
14 ; A. M., 2 ; Sc. B., 22. At the same time, Arthur Beach, A. B., and 
Henry Stoiber, were accepted as fellows of the college. A communi- 
cation received from the board of supervisors stated that $125,000 had 
been appropriated to the college for the ensuing year. 

The result of the annual examinations of this college, which closed 
on Monday, the 23d, was as follows, according to the papers : Of the 
41 juniors, 37 will be advanced to the senior class ; out of the sopho- 
more class, numbering 54, 44 will be promoted; and of the 119 
freshmen, 40 were found deficient, leaving 79 to become sophomores. 
The number of deficient freshmen is stated to be less, proportion- 
ately, than in former years. Five hundred and fifty-nine applied for 
admission at the recent examination, of whom 461 were accepted. 
In the introductory department, 124 passed their examinations satis- 
factorily in the collegiate course, and fifty were rejected, some of whom 
will be permitted to fall back a year and try again; and in the commer- 
cial, 61 were found proficient, while 80 failed. 



COLLEGE OF ST. FRANCIS XAYIER, NEW YORK. 

COMMENCEMENT. 

A peculiarity of this institution, which is a day-college, conducted by 
Fathers of the Society of Jesus, is, that besides its preparatory, com- 
mercial, grammar, and undergraduate departments, it has a post-grad- 
uate course, which occupies a year, and leads to the degree of A. M. 
The method of instruction in this is by lectures once a day for an hour 
on ethics, natural law, and physical scieuce, with experiments. In 
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73 

accordance with this system, at the commencement, held June 23, 
after discourses from three students, an award of medals and prizes, and 
an address to the members of the graduating classes, the degrees 
conferred in course were : A. M., on members of the post-graduate 
class, 8 ; A. B., on graduating students of the college senior class, 13e 



ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, FORDHAM. 

Like St. Francis Xavier College, in New York, St. John's, which adorns 
a pleasant suburb of the city, a few miles above Harlem River, is under 
the control of the Society of Jesus, long noted for its devotion to the 
interests of education, in connection with the Roman Catholic Church. 
But while the former is a day-college, dismissing its pupils after study- 
hours to their homes, the latter is a boarding-college, retaining them 
steadily beneath its influence. Its commeucement is held on the last 
Wednesday in June, this year the 25th. 

COMMENCEMENT. 

With a judicious regard to picturesque effect, the exercises on this 
occasion, as on others, were held beneath the fine old trees upon the 
lawn, where a carpeted and canopied platform had been erected for the 
graduating class, the ofiicers of the college, and specially distinguished 
visitors. On seats arranged upon the slope in front of this, the friends 
of the college and its students were arranged, while immediately be- 
neath it, upon chairs, sat the undergraduates with their preceptors. A 
very pleasing lout ensemble was thus secured, more animating and at- 
tractive than when an audience is crowded into hall or chapel in the hot 
days near the summer-solstice. 

ADDRESSES AND DEGREES. 

The addresses by the students were also judiciously arranged upon a 
system, the general theme being "Our age," and one student discours- 
ing on "its history;" another on "its science;" a third, on "its 
poetry," and a fourth, on "its philosophy." These addresses being 
ended, and an address to the students of the graduating class delivered 
by the Rev. Dr. McGlynn on the errors and evils they would have to 
battle with on their way through life, the following degrees in course 
were granted : A. B., 9 ; A. M., 4. No further information furnished. 



COLUMBIA COLLEGE, NEW YORK. 

The one hundred and nineteenth anuual commencement of this oldest 
of New York colleges was held in the Academy of Music on Wednes- 
day, June 25. Prayer having been offered by the Rev. William D. 
Walker, acting chaplain, the prizes were announced and the diplomas 

169 



7-4 

bestowed by President Barnard. The trustees' prize of $300 for excel- 
lence in Greek came to F. Drisler, of the junior class, son of the distin- 
guished professor of that language in the college, and the alumni-prize 
(to the most faithful and deserving student of the graduating class) to 
Fred. Eemsen Hatton. 

DEGREES IN COURSE. 

A. B., 20 ; A. M., 17; Fh. B, 2; Min. Eng., 5 ; LL. B., 138; M. D., 
not reported. 

HONORARY DEGREES. 

A. M.: Aaron Bernstein, missionary in Palestine, Frederick Stengel, 
and William H. Chandler— 3 ; S. T. D.: Bight Rev. John Gottlieb Auer, 
missionary bishop of Cape Palmas, Africa, Rev. George Beckett, Rev. 
James Stephenson, and Rev. William Reed Huntington — 4 ; LL. D. : 
Oliver Walcott Gibbs, Henry Augustus Homes, and Professor Benj. D. 
Sill i man— 3. 

For further information see page 91. 



ST. STEPHEN'S COLLEGE, AN AND ALE. 

This interesting Protestant Episcopal institution, in which all the stu- 
dents are communicants of the Church, and all looking forward to the sa- 
cred ministry, held itstwelfth annual commencement on Thursday, July 3. 
From lack of full accommodations within doors, the exercises were held 
on the wooded lawn before the college, after the chanting of a litany- 
service in the chapel. The salutatory, in Latin, was by F. P. Daven- 
port, of Saratoga, designated as secundus in respect of scholarship, and 
the valedictory address by William M. Jefferis, of Delaware, primus, 
who also bore away the McVickar prize for elocution. 

DEGREES IN COURSE. 

Fourteen students received the degree of A. B., nearly all of whom 
at once became candidates for holy orders. 
No honorary degrees are reported as having been bestowed. 

NEW BUILDING. 

A useful additiou to the college is a new dining-hall, the fruit of a 
bequest from a poor woman, Abigail Preston, for many years a servant 
in the family of the late John A. Aspinwall, esq. In this building the 
commencement-dinner was spread, at which about 200 persons found 
accommodation. 

A pleasant incident of the dinner was the presentation to Warden 
Fairbairn of an address of congratulation and confidence from the fac- 
ulty, read by Professor Oliver, and of another of kindred purport from 
the trustees, read by Bishop Potter, and accompanied with a gift of 
$1,500 as a recognition of his faithful and successful administration. 

As may be inferred from the above, the college prospers. Its pleas- 
170 



75 

ant position, delightful grounds, pure religious influences, and popular 
president, bring annually many more applicants for admission than can 
he accommodated. Twenty to thirty have already been denied admis- 
sion for the next term, for want of room. 

CHANGE OF PROFESSOR. 

The college loses from this date the valuable services of Professor 
Oliver, who has held the chair of Greek and Hebrew for some time, he 
having been elected professor of biblical interpretation in the General 
Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church, in New York, 
about a third of the students in which have been his former pupils at 
Anandale. 



EUTGEES EEMALE COLLEGE, NEW YORK. 

The commencement-exercises of this college, which is designed to 
furnish a complete course of classical and scientific instruction for 
women, opened on Sunday, June 15, with the baccalaureate-sermon in 
the chapel of the college, by President Samson, his theme being 
" Woman's moral support to man." 

ADDRESS BEFORE THE ALUMNAE. 

On Wednesday Miss Carrie A. McAlister, A. M.. delivered the annual 
address before the Association of the Alumnre, on the "Eelationof 
women to the welfare of the state." The only way to stem the down- 
ward current in our political affairs is for all cultured and Christian 
women to set themselves against extravagance and luxury, and to give 
the example of republican simplicity in manners and life. 

COMMENCEMENT-DAY. 

After the president's levee, on Thursday, the exercises of the day 
were held in the Church of the Disciples, on Madison Avenue. Miss 
Helen C. Kingsley pronounced the salutatory in Latin. Miss Lula V. 
Wakefield delivered the valedictory. 

DEGREES. 

The degree of Baccalaurea Artium was conferred on seven, and that 
of Baccalaurea Literarum on one of the members of the graduating 
class. Special honors were awarded to two young ladies for excellence 
in studies in the art-school. 

LIB 1 , \ ■ 

The only additions to the library were ten books and six pamphlets^ 
by gift. 

MUSEUM. 

The gifts to the museum amounted to one hundred and seventy-eight 
specimens in zoology, geology, and mineralogy, besides one case of in- 
sects. 

171 



76 

PUBLICATIONS. 

Circular of Rutgers Female College for 1872-'73, 12°., pp. 12; 
programme of junior exhibition, 1873; programme of alumna? and 
class-day, 1873 ; .programme of commencement, 1873. 

DEATH OF BENEFACTORS. 

The college mourns the loss of its chief early benefactor in the recent 
death of Dr. I. Ferris, late chancellor of the University of the City of 
New York. Through his instrumentality the institute oat of which 
the college has grown had its origin and obtained its charter in 1838. 
When in 1862 it site was removed to its present location on Fifth ave- 
nue, and when again in 1868 it obtained its collegiate charter and its 
title to confer all the literary degrees authorized by the State, Dr. Fer- 
ris still watched its progress with special interest. 

PROGRESS DURING THE YEAR. 

Rutgers College has made progress during the past year not only in 
public appreciation of its aims, but also in power to attain them. The 
effort to raise the standard of scholarship meets with a hearty response 
both from patrons and pupils. 

ENDOWMENT. 

The alumnae of the college have recently organized an association 
looking to aid in its endowment. 



VASSAR COLLEGE, POUGHKEEPSIE. 

PRELIMINARY. 

The commencement-exercises of this college, which has become so 
widely and favorably known for what it has accomplished in the field 
of the higher education of women, were preceded on Tuesday, June 
24th, by 

THE MEETING OF THE TRUSTEES. 

At this meeting Bishop Huntington, of the diocese of Syracuse, Pro- 
fessor Howard Crosby, of New York, and E. J. White were elected to 
the board. 

An appropriation of $1,000 was made for the purchase of a collection 
of photographs illustrating the history of painting, sculpture, and 
architecture from the earliest times to the present. Mr. Winslow, of 
Poughkeepsie, has given another thousand dollars for the same pur- 
pose. These photographs are to be selected by Professor Lubke, of 
Stuttgart, Germany, and will be under the charge of Professor Yan 
Inger, the resident professor of drawing and painting. 
172 



77 

COMMENCEMENT-DAY. 

Wednesday, June 25, was commencement-day at Vassar. At 10 a. 
m. a large company of visitors assembled in the college-chapel, which 
was tastefully decorated with evergreens and flowers, to listen to the 
speaking by the ladies of the graduating class. On the platform with 
President Raymond were seated many distinguished educators, eminent 
professional and literary gentlemen, and several ladies of the society of 
the Sorosis. The programme consisted of orations and essays by ten 
ladies of the class, interspersed with excellent musical selections. 
Among the orations, the most noticeable was one on " The theory of 
perturbations," by Miss E. H. Brewer. " The literature of the critical 
rather than creative," a finely- written essay, by Miss Blanche Wilder, 
of Brooklyn, and " The political influence of Uncle Tom's Cabin," by 
Miss Gerrish, of Portland, Maine, and the valedictory oration, by Miss 
Hiscock. This latter lady's record in college is of the highest order. 

DEGREES CONFERRED. 

At the conclusion of the speaking, the baccalaureate-degree of A. B. 
was conferred on forty seven lady-graduates of the year — the largest 
class yet sent forth from the college. Two ladies received the degree of 
A. M. in course. 

BENEFACTIONS. 

A permanent scholarship of $6,000 was presented during the year by 
Alanson J. Fox, esq., of Painted Post, New York. 



The number of volumes added during the year was 842, of which 35 
were by gift. The sum of $1,500 was received from the Vassar library- 
fund. 

museum. . 

Valuable contributions of specimens were received from the Smith- 
sonian Institution, and from the United States fish -commission. Other 
gifts were an oil painting, valued at $450, and 150 large photographs of 
works of art. The sum of $1,500 was received from the Vassar art and 
cabinet fund. 

NEW BUILDINGS. 

A new laundry, costing $13,609.83. The sum of $22,332.63 was ex- 
pended in enlarging the refectory. 

PUBLICATIONS. 

Liberal Education of Women, by Professor James Orton, 12°., pp. 
328, A. S. Barnes & Co., New York ; Vassar College : A Si-etch of its 
Aims, Resources, and Methods, by President Raymond, 8°., pp. 78, S. 

173 



78 

W. Green, New York; Vassar College Students' Manual, Eighth An- 
nual Catalogue of the Officers and Students of Vassar College, pro- 
grammes of soirees musicales, April 9, May 28, and June 23 ; Founder's 
Day, April 29 ; semi-annual examinations : 1st semester, February 6, 7 j 
2d semester, June 19, 20 ; commencement, June 25. 

FINANCES. 

The total amount of unproductive property in real-estate amounts to 
$440,308.48, and its total personal property, in furniture and fixtures, 
library, art-gallery, apparatus of instruction, mathematics and physics, 
astronomy, cabinets of natural history, Giraud cabinet of birds, &c, 
amounts to 8119,457.52 ; which makes the aggregate amount of its un- 
productive property $594,576.80. Its aggregate amount of productive 
property reaches $281,000. Thus far, the salaries of instructors and 
others, with all the necessary expenses of a domestic establishment of 
more than five hundred persons, have been defrayed from the only source 
of revenue available, the students' fees for board and tuition. 

ENTRANCE-EXAMINATIONS. 

Year by year the examinations for admission to the college are made 
more extensive and exacting. Indeed, the recent severity of them has 
notably diminished the numbers in the preparatory departments. The 
more thorough preparation in Latin and mathematics required within 
the last three years has had the effect to raise the age of admission a 
full year. 



UNION COLLEGE, SCHENECTADY. 

The institution known for seventy-eight years past by the above 
familiar title will have to be recognized hereafter by the more novel one 
of the Union University of the State of New York, its young and ener- 
getic president having succeeded in incorporating with it, under a new 
charter from the legislature, the Albany Medical and Law Schools and the 
noble Dudley Observatory. This last will give it, in connection with its 
previous School of Science, a well-provided scientific philosophical depart- 
ment ; while the Medical and Law Schools, united with the academical 
department, leave only a School of Theology to be appended to form a 
complete university-curriculum. This, though instruction in some things 
belonging to a theologic course is given by Professor Tayler Lewis, is not 
perhaps likely to be added in its fullness, one feature of the changes 
recently adopted being a detachment from religious denominational con- 
nection. How well this portion of the change may work has yet to be 
determined. Until Cornell, all our great eastern educational foundations, 
with only the exception of the Virginia University, have flourished largely 
through the oversight and interest of some influential church-organiza- 

174 



79 

tion. The one exception has enjoyed, instead, the fostering care of the 
legislature of the State, which may or may not be given in the case of 
Union. The friends of the new president are lending him, however, a gen- 
erous co-operation, and all connected with the old organization seem bent 
on aiding heartily his efforts to build on the foundations laid by his 
grandfather a structure worthy of the wider name assumed. Gifts flow in 
from many quarters. New buildings are put up. A warm enthusiasm 
is aroused. And if large interest in the surrounding population and 
aid from many influential people in the State can make success a cer- 
tainty, the future success of the new Union University is sure. 

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ALUMNI. 

At a meeting of the alumni in advance of the late commencement, 
one paper states that the members of the society pledged themselves to 
raise $30,000 to endow an adjunct classical professorship, which should 
give some measure of relief to the senior professors in that line. Another 
paper makes the pledge a resolution to raise $60,000 for the establish- 
ment of two adjunct professorships. In the absence of distinct official 
information, these statements are given for what they may be worth. 

COMMENCEMENT. 

At the commencement, which was held in the First Reformed Church 
at Schenectady, the various prizes by which excellence in various depart- 
ments is now stimulated were distributed by President Potter. Degrees 
in course were then conferred upon the members of the graduating class 
as follows : A. B., 20 ; A. M., 12 ; O. E., 5. These are additional to 
fifty-nine diplomas given on May 15, at the commencement of the law- 
school. 

HONORARY DEGREES. 

LL. D. : Governor John A. Dix, Ex-Governor Horatio Seymour, Pro- 
fessor Isaac Edwards, Albany ; Hon. Thomas Allen, Saint Louis; Pro- 
fessor C. F. Chandler, New York ; Hon. Lewis H. Morgan, Eochester ; 
Eev. Dr. I. W. Nevin, Lancaster, Pennsylvania — 7. 

D. D. : Rev. John Yaughan Lewis, Washington ; Rev. Jacob Fry, 
Reading, Pennsylvania — 2. 

A. M. : Rev. James Pitcher, Otsego County, New York ; E. D. Palmer, 
Albany;' William I. Thorn, Poughkeepsie ; Captain James F. Gregory, 
United States Army — 4. 

BENEFACTIONS. 

The gifts of money received since the commencement of 1872 have 
been, from James Brown, esq., New York, $10,000 ; R. M. Blatcliford, 
esq., New York, $10,000; Miss C. L. Wolf, New York, $5,000 ; Thomas 
H. Powers, esq., Philadelphia, $3,000; William Tracy and S. B. Brownell, 
esqs., New York, each $1,000 ; D. Campbell, esq., New York, $500 ; sun- 
dry other individuals, $3,000— in all $33,500. The amount of the scholar- 
ship-fund is $60,000. Donosr, State of New York and E. Nott, D. D. 

175 



80 

LIBRARY. 

Accessions to library daring the year: by purchase, 162 "articles;" 
from gifts, 38 volumes ; in money, $20,000. 

MUSEUM. 

The department'of natural history has been increased by considerable 
collections of marine animals made in the summer vacation by the ad- 
junct professor of natural history ; by a large number of fossil sharks' 
teeth, from the president of the college ; by a series of crania of Cana- 
dian carnivora and rodentia from Rev. A. H. Whiting; by a collection 
of fossils from rocks near Troy, New York, from S. W. Ford, esq. ; and 
by a number of valuable specimens purchased in Paris. 

NEW BUILDINGS. 

A new dwelling-house for the president, the fruit of the liberality of 
Mr. J. W. Fuller, of Troy, cost $8,000 ; another, donor's name not given, 
cost, $6,000 j a gymnasium, cost, $3,000 ; Alumni Hall, $40,000. 

PUBLICATIONS. 

Annual circular of Civil-Engineering School ; annual reports of 
president and treasurer ; Neic Version of the BooTc of Job, by Professor 
Tayler Lewis, with an introduction on the theism of the book, and 
addenda of dissertations on the most difficult questions connected with 
it ; also articles by the same professor in Johnson's Universal Cyclopedia 
and the Andover Bibliotheca Sacra. 



MADISON UNIVERSITY, HAMILTON. 

SUNDAY-EXERCISES. 

The commencement-week at Madison was opened on Sunday, June 15, 
with a sermon to the graduates by President Dodge in the morning, 
and others before the societies by the Rev. W. H. Maynard, of Auburn, 
and Professor Hovey, of Newton Theological Seminary, Massachu- 
setts, in the afternoon and evening. Dr. Hovey's experience as an edu- 
cator of young men for the ministry well qualified him for giving judicious 
counsel on the method and duty of properly preparing young men for 
the pastoral office. One of his leading ideas was that in addition to 
the most thorough discipline of young men in the schools, they must 
have an excellent knowledge of human nature, and an unquestioned 
understanding of the Word of God, to enable them to be successful 
ministers of Christ. The characteristics of the age and generation 
demanded the highest culture, religiously and intellectually, for the 
great work of those who were designed for leaders and teachers in the 
churches and community. 
176 



81 

SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY. 

Oil Tuesday morning the Theological Seminary held its anniversary, 
when nine students delivered graduating addresses, and received the 
diploma of the school. 

NEW DELTA-UPSILON HALL. 

At the reception of the Delta-Upsilon Society on Tuesday afternoon 
the excellent accommodations of this association were displayed. It 
has a spacious hall, with furniture of oak and black walnub, and a fine 
organ, for society-meetings; while an inviting reading-room, on the 
tables of which are all the leading reviews and magazines of the United 
States and Europe, furnishes pleasant literary entertainment. Such 
accessories of college-education are important aids to culture. 

COMMENCEMENT-DAT. 

A brilliant day made doubly pleasant the always interesting exer- 
cises of commencement, which, after a procession of considerable length, 
were held in the large chapel of Alumni Hall, on University Hill. After 
prayer by President Dodge, thirty-eight students (none of whom are 
marked " excused ' ? ) delivered orations, averaging from five to seven 
minutes each, a fact which argues a large confidence on the part of the 
authorities in the patient attention of the audience. One of these 
speeches of commencement-day derived a special interest from its pre- 
paration and delivery by a converted Karen, and from the hope and 
enthusiasm manifested in it with reference to the spread of the Gospel in 
the East. There have been from fifteen to twenty of these converts from 
the eastern heathenism educated at this university, all of -whom have 
returned to their own country to aid in the extension to their people of 
the light which has shined in upon themselves. 

DEGREES IN COURSE. 

Thirty-six graduates of the collegiate department received the degree 
of A. B. in course, seven that of A. M. in course, and six that of Sc. B. 

HONORARY DEGREES. 

A. M. : Bev. J. J. Broun er, of New York, and Hervey E. Eaton, of 
Syracuse — 2. D. D. : Bev. Lyman Wright, Binghamton, New York ; 
Bev. J. Y. E. Covey, president of Concrete College, Texas ; and Bev. 
"W. H. Maynard, Auburn, New York — 3. 

NEW PROFESSOR. 

Bev. David Weston, called to the chair of church-history in the Theo- 
logical Seminary and ancient history in the college. 

177 

6e 



82 

BENEFACTIONS. 

Prom John B. Trevor, of New York $13, 000 

From James B. Colgate, of New York 17, 000 



$30, 000 
This is toward an endowment of " Colgate Academy." 



NEW BUILDING. 



" Colgate Hall," erected at a cost of $50,000 by James B. Colgate, of 
New York, as a memorial of his deceased parents, and for the academ- 
ical department of the university. 



UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER, ROCHESTER. 

SUNDAY-SERMON. 

Preliminary to commencement-week, the annual sermon before the 
Young Men's Cnristian Association of the university was preached on 
Sunday evening, June 29, by Rev. Charles AA T ood, of Brooklyn, his 
subject being "The perpetuity of the Christian faith," in opposition to 
Holmes's assertion to the Tyndall banqueters that "Faith is bankrupt, 
and her accounts are under strict examination, to determine what assets 
remain to be distributed among the impoverished souls that are her 
creditors." 

MEETING OF ALUMNI. 

The business-meeting of the alumni in the morning of Tuesday, 
July 1, was Occupied mainly with plans for raising an endowment. But 
at their meeting in the evening an important oration in defense of clas- 
sical culture was delivered by Mr. D. S. Benjamin, of Rochester. He 
mentioned Dr. Youmans's book, " The Culture demanded by Modern Life? 
at the outset, in order to use its salient points, as he said, "as pegs on 
which to hang a few thoughts of our own." Mr. Benjamin zealously dis- 
sented from the opinion that the culture demanded by modern times 
differed from that for any other time, like a coat or bonnet ; for culture 
is the symmetrical development of the man — what the Latins meant by 
virtus, perfect manhood. Mr. Benjamin quoted Hamilton and Cicero 
and Plato and many other writers on this point, this sentence from 
Hamilton's writings being very much to the purpose: "A liberal edu. 
cation is an education in which the individual is cultivated, not as an 
instrument toward some ulterior end, but as an end to himself alone ; 
in other words, an education in which his absolute perfection as a man ; 
and not merely his relative dexterity as a professional man, is the scope 
immediately in view." The speaker then went on to deny that "im- 
mense advances," such as are claimed by the advocates of a changed 
system, have been made in latter days by the human mind. The 
.178 



.83 

assertion that the inventors of the classical system knew little or 
nothiDg of mental science, and lived in too remote an age to have under- 
stood it, was taken up, and its falsity shown by a historical review of 
the beginnings of that system. It was not made in the Dark Ages. Latin 
was hardly understood by the priests and monks of the latter part of 
that period; but when the understanding of the classical authors had 
almost wholly died out, then the study of the ancient models was re- 
vived, at nearly 1100 A. D. The details of the method of study then 
adopted were shown to be such as they are, and have been since then 
Greek, Latin, algebra, and Euclid ; though the classics, being the first 
adopted, gave their name to the whole. Mr. Benjamin then went on to 
show that the great revival in all cultured life, and even the Reforma- 
tion itself, as to its human source, had their causes in the increased 
mental activity caused by the adoption of the classical system of study. 
Further, the speaker claimed that if this system appears imperfect in its 
results, it should be inquired whether the fault be not in the teacher or 
elsewhere more than the system. If an A. B. cannot read Latin, Greek, 
rocks, stars, and flowers with equal facility, he has either been imper. 
fectly taught or is incorrigibly lazy, or has a defect in his upper works 
that no culture can rectify. And, finally, Mr. Benjamin went into an 
extended and able argument to show that the study of the classics, 
while it does require considerable memorizing, certainly calls into the 
best exercise the highest or reasoning faculty of the mind. After the 
primitive words of the Latin (whose superiority over the English was 
shown at length) have been learned by the student, he is then made to 
bring the various derivatives of these words into comparison with them- 
selves and with other words, to comprehend the history of a given word — 
in fine, to balance probabilities, the highest effort of human reason. 

MEETING OF TRUSTEES. 

At the annual meeting of the trustees one important piece of practical 
work was done, in raising the salaries of three professors by $100 ad. 
dition, and those of two others by $250 each. 

COMMENCEMENT-ADDRESSES. 

On commencement-day twenty graduates delivered addresses, two 
others to whom the duty had been assigned being excused at their own 
request. 

DEGREES IN COURSE. 
A. B., 20; A. M., 12; Sc. B., 2; Sc. M., 1. 
HONORARY DEGREES. 

D. D. : Professor William C. Wilkinson, Rochester Theological Sem- 
inary ; Professor David Weston, Hamilton Theological Seminary ; Rev. 
John Stevens, Denison University, Ohio — 3. 

179 



84 

BENEFACTIONS. 

Portraits of Eobert arid William Kelley, friends and benefactors oi 
the university, valued at $2,000. 
Philosophical apparatus for scientific department, valued at $2,000. 

INCREASE OF LIBRARY. 

About 500 volumes during the year past. 

NEW BUILDING. 

A large new building for the library and museum is in process of 
erection, meant to be wholly fire-proof, and estimated to cost $100,000. 

STANDING OF THE UNIVERSITY. 

Of the standing of Rochester University among the schools of the 
State some estimate may be formed from the fact that, of the eight 
normal-schools in the State, four are said to be presided over by its 
graduates. 



CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA. 

Founded in 1868, Cornell at its fifth annual commencement stands 
third in rank among our universities, as respects the number of graduates 
from its schools, Harvard and Yale alone exceeding it. Nor is this rank 
apparently obtained by any weak indulgence. As far as can be ascer- 
tained, the examinations for degrees appear to be quite searching and 
exhaustive. "A set of questions embracing the leading points of any sub- 
ject taught during the term is prepared by each professor for each class. 
These questions are printed at the university-press, the superintendent 
of the office being responsible for their privacy. Every class is divided 
into sections of not more than twenty persons ; each section is then 
placed in charge of a professor or assistant professor, who sees that its 
members are seated in one of the examination-rooms at such distances 
from each other that they can hold no intercourse, and that they are 
provided with writing-materials. The printed papers or sets of questions 
are then given them, and a time, varying with the length of the paper, 
but ranging from one to three hours, is allowed in which to prepare and 
write out the answers. Subsequently these replies of the student are 
carefully examined by the professor, and a list of those who have success- 
fully passed the examination is posted on the university bulletin- board. 
Those who fail are required to attend the lecturer upon the subject a second 
time." Under such a system it is highly creditable to the university that 
98 students were found worthy of degrees, and 2 of licenses that are 
equivalent to degrees. The class for graduation had been composed of 
99 ; but of these 7 failed in the final examination. Their place, however, 

180 



• 85 

was more than made uj) by the post-graduate students who came forward 
for and won degrees and licenses attesting their success in study, so that 
of graduates honored as above declared, the full number of 100 was fairly 
rounded out. 

NOTABLE WORDS. 

An address on progress, delivered before the Colleges of History and 
Literature by Mr. Charles Dudley Warner, on Tuesday evening, June 
24, appears to have been a neat and happy answer to the skepticism 
of both Froude and Euskin as to the real and material progress in our 
day ; but its points were too fine and its connection too complete for ready 
extracts. 

In an address before the Sibley College of Mechanic Arts, on Wed- 
nesday evening, June 25, Hon. Erastus Brooks expressed opposition 
to the principle of the co-education of the sexes in our higher institutions, 
and said that if he had been present at the meeting of trustees in which 
the subject was discussed he should have voted against the acceptance 
of a bequest from Mr. Sage, of which this co-education was a condition. 
But now that the question had been decided in favor of the system, he 
was for a full and fair trial of so important an experiment. 

COMMENCE^iENT-EXERCISES. 

In accordance with the free religious system at Cornell, the Lord's 
Prayer only opened the commencement-exercises, which otherwise con- 
sisted of 6 orations, 3 theses, and 1 iDoem, interspersed with the usual 
interludes of music, and followed by the conferring of degrees, with an 
address from the president, and the benediction. 

DEGREES IN COURSE. 

The degrees conferred in course, all after full examination of the can- 
didates, were in arts, A. B., 17 ; A. M., 1; in literature, L. B., 3; in 
Philosophy, Ph. B., 6 ; Ph. D., 1 ; in science, chemistry, and natural 
history, Sc. B., 45 ; in agriculture, Agr. B., 1 ; in architecture, Arch. B., 
.1 ; in engineering, B. C. E., 18, with one additional, who took an ad- 
vanced degree not named ; in mechanic arts, B. Min. Eng, 3 — in all 98, 
with two licentiates of departments not named. There were no hon- 
orary degrees. 

NEW PROFESSORSHIP CREATED. 

In Italian and Spanish languages and literature. 

NEW PROFESSORS CHOSEN. 

Of mathematics, 1 ; of civil engineering, 1 ; of military science, 1 ; of 
Italian and Spanish languages and literature, 1 — total, 4. 

181 



86 

BENEFACTIONS. 

Since the commencement of 1872 there have been given for the uses 
of the university, in addition to previous gifts from the same generous 
friends, from Hon. Ezra Cornell, $75,000; from Hon. A. D. White, 
$20,000 ; from Hon. H. W. Sage, $20,000 ; from Hon. Hiram Sibley, 
$50,000; from John McGraw, esq., $20,000— in all $185,000. 

LIBRARY. 

The increase of the library during the year past has been, from pur- 
chase, 2,100 volumes ; from gifts, 320 volumes, besides 700 pamphlets 
donated. 

NEW BUILDINGS. 

University-chapel, at an estimated cost of $30,000, and Sage College, 
estimated cost $150,000, have been commenced and are advancing toward 
completion. 

PUBLICATIONS. 

"Cornell University Register?* 7,000 copies ; "Cornell University, what it 
is and what it is not;" "Report of committee on Mr. Sage's proposal.*'' 



ST. LAWRENCE UNIVERSITY, CANTON. 

PRELIMINARY EXERCISES. 

The baccalaureate-sermon of Dr. Steele on Sunday afternoon, June 
22d, was upon the same theme with that of Dr. Porter at Yale the same 
day, the need of faith in a personal and present Savior in order to an 
overcoming of the world. It was followed in the evening by one from 
the Rev. George C. Haddock, of Fond du Lac, before the societies, on 
the evidences of the existence of a personal God, instead of a mere 
creative force or essence. Kindred with tbese was an address by the 
Hon. T. O. Howe on Tuesday evening on the pre-eminence of the sacred 
system of the Scriptures over all forms of religious belief, his effort 
being to show that the principles enunciated by Abraham, Moses, and 
Christ formed the substratum on which the whole fabric of civil and 
religious freedom has been built, and that these principles alone can 
give stability and permanency to all government. 

COMMENCEMENT-DAY. 

Thursday, June 20, witnessed the graduation of a class consisting 
partly of youug ladies who had sustained a satisfactory examination. 

DEGREES IN COURSE. 

The degrees conferred on the completion of the several terms of study 
Sc. B., 0; D. B., 7. 
182 



87 

NEW PROFESSORS AND PRESIDENT. 

Rev. A. G-. Gaines, Chapin professor of intellectual and moral phi- 
losophy, appointed president; Mr. John S. Miller appointed professor 
of Latin and Greek ; Miss Lucy G. French, appointed Saint Mary's pro- 
fessor of modern languages. 

NEW PROFESSORSHIP CREATED. 

Saint Mary's professorship of modern languages, to be sustained by 
subscriptions of lady-friends of the institution. 

BENEFACTIONS. 

From estate of Mr. L. A. Goodnow, of Watertown, New- 
York $1, 000 

From Mrs. Mary Gunn 2, 000 

From Mrs. Lorena Bicknell 10, 000 

From Mrs. Mary Cook 1, 000 

From Mr. Allen Lyman 1, 000 

From General E. A. Merritt 50 

From forty-five ladies, for Saint Mary's professorship 450 

From C. D. Wait 10 

Total „ $15, 510 

LIBRARY. 

The library has been increased during the year by 310 volumes. It 
has received in money from Mr. Silas C. Herring, of New York, $450. 

PROPOSED ADVANCE. 

The board of trustees, at their annual meeting, voted to organize a 
chair in natural history, and are endeavoring to establish a professor- 
ship of civil engineering. 



INGHAM UNIVERSITY, LE ROY. 

The commencement of this institution for the higher education of 
women occurred on Wednesday, Juue 18, when three graduates received 
the degree of A. A., (first degree in letters, equivalent to A. B.,) and two 
that of A. P. M., (first degree in music, equivalent to Mus. B.) 

NEW PROFESSORS. 

The new professors appointed during the year were the Rev. L. D . 
Chapin, acting chancellor of the university, to the chair of mental phi- 
losophy and classical languages, and Professor J. Jennings to the chair 
of natural sciences and mathematics. 



BENEFACTIONS. 

The sum of $8,500 was received during the year from several donors. 

COURSES OF STUDY. 

There are five established courses of study : 

The academic course, extending through two years, in which the Eng- 
lish branches are made prominent. 

The classical course, occupying four years, in which, in addition to a 
full literary course, the classical studies are taken. 

The literary course, extending through three years, in which the 
modern languages, science, history, and literature have the prominent 
places. 

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARTS. 

This department owes its origin to the genius and labors of the late 
vice-chancellor of the university, Colonel P. Staunton, to whose memory 
the conservatory, which bears his name and contains his pictures, has 
recently been erected. 

This institution, in accordance with its plan as a u niversity for women, 
aims to do for them what is done in large cities by schools devoted ex- 
clusively to art-studies. Believing in the great possibilities of women 
as artists, it is designed to afford the very best advantages for their 
development. 

PHYSICAL EDUCATION. 

The universally observed tendency to physical deterioration among 
American women demands prompt and earnest attention to the subject 
of physical culture. Among the means relied upon in this department 
are cheerful recreation in the university-grounds, daily walks, fixed 
hours for retiring and rising, calisthenic and gymnastic exercises, and 
instructions in the laws of health. The admirable gymnastic system of 
Dr. Dio Lewis, of Boston, has been adopted as a means of promoting 
the strength and systematic development of all the physical powers, 
and of affording exhilaration to the whole being. Of these important 
advantages every pupil is required to avail herself. 

LIBRARY, APPARATUS, ETC. 

The institution is in possession of libraries containing over three thou- 
sand volumes, and of a valuable cabinet of minerals and fossils, a cata- 
logue of which is preserved and published, with the names of the donors* 
For the use of classes in mathematical and natural science, the institu- 
tion is furnished with philosophical and chemical apparatus ; also globes, 
maps, and charts for illustrating geography and history. 

CABINETS OF SCIENCE AND THE ARTS. 

In the studies of natural history, geology, and mineralogy, the insti- 
tution possesses ample means of illustration. A collection of seven 



89 

hundred birds represent those of the United States and those of tropical 
South America ; and other departments of zoology are correspondingly 
well illustrated. Professor Ward's casts of monster fossils reproduce 
the fauna of past ages ; and relievo maps of the Alpine regions, and of 
the great volcanoes, give reality to distant scenes. 

DEGREES. 

The degrees which the university is, by its charter, empowered to 
confer correspond to those given by institutions of the highest grade. 
These degrees are given to the graduates from its different courses of 
studv. 



SYRACUSE UKIVEESITY, SYEACUSE. 

The Syracuse University is the fruit of an effort to establish in Central 
]STew York a strong Methodist Episcopal educational foundation. To 
some extent it is an outgrowth from Genesee College, Lima, New York, 
which the originators of the university desire to transfer to a more influ- 
ential and populous locality. At the close of its second year it presents it- 
self with a formed college of the liberal arts, college of physicians and sur- 
geons, and three affiliated gymnasia, one at Claverack, one at Cazenovia, 
and one at Antwerp, New York, with a probability of soon having at least 
another in like relation to it, all serving as feeders of the university. 
Property to the value of $650,000 is also claimed, all making an impos- 
ing show for an educational establishment of but two years of age. 

HISTORICAL ADDRESSES. 

At the inauguration of the newly-chosen chancellor, Alexander Win- 
chell, LL. D., late of the University of Michigan, Dr. Winchell delivered 
a discourse on " The idea, the internal economy, and the material constit- 
uents of the modern university/' which contained one of the fullest ex- 
positions of the university-system, medieval and modern, that has been 
put forth in America. 

On Tuesday evening of commencement- week another valuable address 
was delivered by the Eev. Dr. Tyler on " Early colleges and college- 
builders of America." 

The speaker, after a few introductory remarks relative to the polity of 
the colonists in founding colleges, named three principal motives in their 
action: the first, always prominently advanced, was to provide them- 
selves with a succession of learned ministers ; the second was to provide 
learned laymen, statesmen as well as churchmen ; the third, especially 
with Harvard, Yale, and William and Mary Colleges, was the romance 
of education, to convert the Indians. 

He next proceeded to answer the question how these colleges were 
established, in the midst of such poverty and privation as the colonists 
were enduring. 

185 



. 90 

Two methods were named. Of the first, William and Mary was an 
example, founded not by the community itself, but by the King of Eng- 
land; of the second, Harvard and Yale Colleges were examples, slowly 
built by the voluntary contribution of all the people. 

As a result William and Mary, the infant child of royal patronage, 
was weak-kneed, and the moment royal support was withdrawn, fell into 
helplessness, and has never risen, while Harvard, the child of the sov- 
ereign people, has grown to be the richest and most powerful educating 
corporation in the western hemisphere. 

Finally, the vast results of the early establishment in the colonies of 
these colleges were stated. Besides the two first-named purposes, which 
were fully accomplished, the influence on the development of American 
freedom was marked. In the words of Cornwallis, " The early estab- 
lishment of your colleges hastened the Revolution a half-century." 

COMMENCEMENT-DEGREES. 

The degrees in course on compieucement-day were as follows : 

A. B., 3 ; A. M., G, one of these being a female ; Sc. B., 2 ; Ph. D., 1- 

HONORARY DEGREES. 

In consequence of the relations of the university to Genesee College, 
some of its graduates received degrees equivalent to those held by them 
from the college, viz : A. M., 1 ; Sc. M., 5, of whom two were females. 

The degree ad eundem was conferred on Rev. J. Chapman Jones, A. 
M., Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. 

The honorary degree of D. D. was conferred on Rev. Michael J. Cra- 
mer, United States minister to Denmark. 

NEW DEPARTMENT. 

College of Fine Arts of Syracuse University. 



HOB ART COLLEGE, GENEVA. 

A memorial-sermon before the De Lancey Association, preached by 
Rev. J. A. Bolles, D. D., and commemorating the virtues of the late 
Professor Kendrick Metcalf, D. D., opened the exercises of commence- 
ment-week in this pleasant Lake-City of New York. The text was, 
" The memory of the just is blessed." The baccalaureate-sermon, in the 
evening of the same day, June 15, was by the Rev. E. S. Wilson, of 
Corning, New York, his theme being in. opposition to the Darwineau 
theory, the derivation of being and faculties directly from the Almighty. 

Thursday was commencement-day, when there were conferred the 
following degrees in course: A. B., 13; A. M. 6; Sc. B., 2. 
186 



91 

HONORARY DEGREE. 

The honorary LL.D. was bestowed on Hon. James M. Smith, of 
Buffalo. 



WELLS COLLEGE EOR WOMEN, AUEORA. 

REPORTED BENEFACTION. 

This interesting institution, founded by Henry Wells, esq., and char- 
tered with full collegiate powers by the legislature of New York, is said 
to have received an endowment-gift of $100,000 from Hon. E. B. Mor- 
gan, one of its trustees. 



' ALFRED UNIVERSITY, ALFRED. 

DEGREES. 

The thirty-seventh anniversary of Alfred University came July 2, 
1873, when the following degrees in course were given : A. B., 7 ; A. 
M., 4 

" The institution has been open to both sexes since its organization, 
and no just reason is seen for any change in this direction." President 
Allen, who is gradually overcoming its embarrassments, has been hon- 
ored with a special Doctorate of Phdosophy by the regents of the State 
University. 



ADDENDA TO COLUMBIA COLLEGE, NEW YORK. 

[See pages 73 and 74.] 

LIBRARY. 

Additions : College-library, 838 ; School of Mines' library, 507, of 
which 206 were donations. Gifts to college-library in books, 400 vol- 
umes from Bishop Eastburn, besides some duplicates ; 47 from other 
persons. — Total, 447. 

MUSEUM. 

Additions : To the herbarium, contributions from Mr. J. J. Crooke, Dr. 
C. C. Parry, and Hon. George W. Clinton. 

NEW BUILDING. . 

An astronomical observatory. 

PUBLICATIONS. 

• Annual catalogue ; President's annual report. 

167 



NEW JERSEY. 



PRELIMINARY CALEDONIAN GAMES. 

Oil Saturday preceding baccalaureate- Sun day, the students of Prince- 
ton, for the first time, entered into a series of Caledonian games, in the 
presence of a throng of spectators. The feats consisted in standing 
and running jumps, putting the stone ball, leaping, throwing the ham- 
mer and ball, the hurdle-race, running, vaulting with the pole, the sack- 
race, &c. President McCosh announced the prizes to the successful 
contestants. 

BACCALAUREATE-SUNDAY. 

The exercises of the one hundred and twenty-sixth annual commence- 
ment began on Sunday, June 22, with the baccalaureate-sertnon, by 
President McCosh, in the First Presbyterian Church: The subject of the 
discourse was " Singleness of eye." Of scientific truths, of premature 
hypotheses, and of crude theories of science, the learned president said : 

"Accept the truth and follow it out. It is a truth of science that you 
are asked to believe. Ascertain, first, if it is a truth of science, sanc- 
tioned by induction, and not a mere fancy or plausible theory ; and if 
it is so, then receive it. But then you say it is not consistent with 
religion, and you ask, ' Which am I to give up, my Bible or science V I 
answer, give up neither. The two may turn out to be consistent, whether 
thy mole's eye can see it or no. There was a time when people, pious 
and impious, thought Laplace's theory of the heavens inconsistent with 
religion. Now, every scholar sees, or may see, that there must be an 
ordinating power above, bringing such order out of what was once 
without form and void, as Scripture describes : ' The earth was without 
form and void, and darkness was upon the face of the deep ; and the 
Spirit of God moved on the face of the waters.' When Darwin main- 
tains that there is development in nature, that there is a law of natural 
selection, that there is a tendency in the fittest to survive, he is uttering 
truth in thorough conformity with Scripture, which everywhere pro- 
claims that there is development in the kingdoms both of nature and 
grace ; that useful things are fostered, and noxious things allowed to 
become fewer and disappear. But if any one maintains that develop- 
ment can be carried on without the power of God, that there is nothing 
in nature but development, that development does not imply something 
original out of which the development has come, and a process requir- 
188 



93 

ing to be arranged by a divine mind, and that there is not in man a 
thinking and responsible soul, as well as a material and organized body, 
he is setting himself not only against religion, but against natural ob- 
servation and all philosophy. Darwin, himself, has been calling in a 
vague pangenesis or universal life to account for what his development- 
theory does not explain. This pangenesis is a vague expression for 
the great spiritual power working in nature and above it, and without 
which we can account for nothing. Hold by the truths of science, but 
beware of premature hypotheses and crude theories which overlook 
vastly more than they look at; but hold, at the same time, by the truths 
of religion." 

LAST WORDS TO THE GRADUATING CLASS. 

" You have to go out from this place into a world in which there is a 
keen contest between truth and error, and you must be prepared to take 
your part. However we may account for it, our world has been from 
the beginning an arena of contest, a succession of darkness and light, of 
night and day, first of warring elements, according to Laplace's the- 
ory ; then of warring animals, and a struggle for exsistence, the 
strongest and fittest prevailing, according to Darwin's theory. There is 
still a war between the conscience and the passions in the breast of 
man ; between the flesh and the spirit in the breast of the Christian ; 
between truth and error; between purity and pollution in the world. 
I wish you to realize, in starting, that it is into such a world you are . 
now to enter, through such a world you are to find your way. In this 
contest the decisive battle was fought in the middle of the human eon, 
upward of 1,800 years ago, and we have to continue the contest as 
soldiers under Him who then gained a victory — an earnest of the final 
and complete victory. 

"It is a contest between truth and error. The error takes different 
forms in different ages. The contest is now a fundamental one — not 
about the outposts, but for the very citadel ; not about this truth or 
that truth, but as to whether there be any truth above what can be dis- 
covered by the senses. It is as to whether man is made after the image 
of God or after the image of the lower animals. It is not about meta- 
physical subtleties, but whether man has a soul spiritual, responsible, 
and immortal ; whether we have proof of the existence of any other 
world than this passing one. In going into such an arena you must be 
prepared by intellectual discipline and must take a firm stand and show 
courage, otherwise you will be thrown down and have to roll in the sand 
amidst the jeers of men. I believe that in this conflict you will often 
fall back on the great fundamental truths — scientific, philosophic, and 
religious — which you have been taught in this college." 

189 



y4 

PHYSICAL TRAINING. — GYMNASTIC EXHIBITION. 

On Monday, June 23, the rooms and galleries of the gymnasium 
were filled to witness the annual exhibition. The students who took 
part in the exercises had been selected from all the classes, and fully 
represented the physical strength and grace of the college. The con- 
stant practice, which for several years the majority of them had daily 
undergone, had produced well-developed forms, whi'e their bright uni- 
form displayed all the grace of figure growing out of scientific physical 
culture. So many rugged and hearty young men are seldom seen 
together, and some of their feats of strength and agility were indeed 
startling and remarkable. Conspicuous among these were the turning 
aerial somersaults, the brilliant performance upon the trapeze, swing- 
ing of the Indian clubs, and exercises on the parallel bars. The re- 
sults developed are due to a perfect system with which neither the 
regular duties of the college nor the caprices of the students can inter- 
fere. 

Through the untiring energies of Mr. George Goldie, the gymnasium 
has become a moral agent, exerting an influence which is felt in almost 
all the departments of the college. 

CLASS-DAY PRESENTATION. 

The exercises of class-day were held in the afternoon, in the Second 
Presbyterian Church. Following these was the presentation of an ele- 
gant marble bust of President James McCosh to the college-library by 
the class. 

ORATION BEFORE THE LITERARY SOCIETIES. 

On Tuesday the annual oration before the literary societies was deliv- 
ered by the Hon. Henry H. Ross, of Pennsylvania, of the class of 1857, 
whose theme was the necessity of educated men taking an active part in 
political affairs. 

NEW LIBRARY-BUILDING. 

In an address at the opening of the new library-building, Mr. William 
Cullen Bryant spoke of Mr. Green, the donor, as " one who prizes the uses 
of wealth beyond its possession ; and instead of clinging to it while life 
lasts, and only then directing how it shall be disposed of when he can 
possess it no longer, forces it to go from his hands upon an errand of 
beneficence. He has his reward in seeing how worthily thus far it has 
performed the office on which he sent it forth. 

" I read, the other day, in a book published in 1839, that the library 
of New Jersey College then consisted of eight thousand volumes. At 
present, with the aid of the benefactions of Mr. Green, to which I have 
just referred, I am informed that the number will exceed a hundred 
thousand, a number equal to that of several of the public libraries of 
190 



95 

Europe which have long been famous, while provision is made for its 
future increase from year to year. If in the next half-century its increase 
should be in the same proportion, it will take its place among libraries 
of the first class in the Old World, the accumulations of many centuries. 
It is well that the library should keep pace in its growth with the in- 
stitution to which it belongs. Under the present wise and fortunate 
administration of the college the course of study prescribed to the 
students has been greatly enlarged; new branches of learning and 
science have been added; new professorships have been created, fellow, 
ships endowed, -and prizes proposed to award the diligence of the stu- 
dents. A library amply stored has become more important than ever, 
for with a wider sphere of study there must be wider and deeper re- 
search. 

"Every advance in civilization, every shining example of active virtue, 
every wise or sacred precept of human conduct, every triumph of art 
and skill, everything, in short, that stores the mind with wisdom or in- 
structs the hand or enlightens the conscience, is of the past, and books' 
are the repositories in which they are laid np for the use of mankind 
from generation to generation. Destroy the volumes in which they are 
contained, and you blot out the past ages, with all that they have done 
for us, and the human race would drift hopelessly into barbarism. 

" The illustrious ones who have passed the gates of death before us may 
have left their material part in graves marked by some known memorial, 
or their dust may be scattered to the winds, but here is what the earth 
still possesses of their higher nature. Here are their words, still ani- 
mated by the living soul, and here is the record of their glorious exam- 
ple. It matters not where their bones are laid, while we have among us, 
in the volumes which this structure will contain from century to cen- 
tury, this remnant of the immortal spirit." 

NEW SCHOOL OF SCIENCE.— INAUGURAL ADDRESS. 

The inaugural address at the opening of the new School of Science, 
endowed by J. 0. Green, esq., of New York, was delivered by Professor 
Joseph Henry, of the Smithsonian Institution, who spoke of the nobil- 
ity of science, and of the advantages now to be had at American col- 
leges for scientific instruction. Professor Henry expressed the hope 
that more of our students and scholars might use the opportunities now 
afforded for scientific culture. 

COMMENCEMENT-DAY. 

On Wednesday, June 25, came commencement-day; the exercises 
of the graduating class being held in the Eirst Presbyterian Church, in 
the presence of a large number of the friends, patrons, and graduates of 
the college. Fourteen members of the class delivered addresses, Elmer 
Ewing Green, esq., of new Jersey, pronouncing the master's oration. 



90 

DEGREES IN COURSE. 

The degree of A. B. was conferred on 76 members of the graduating 
class ; that of A. M. in course on 75. 

FELLOWSHIPS. 

The fellowships were given as follows: 

First Marquand classical, D. Scott ; mental science, M. J. P. K. Bryan ; 
experimental science, Mr. Devereux; Boadinot historical, Mr. Carr; 
Boudinot modern language, Mr. Hubbell. The fellows will for the most 
part continue their studies for the next year in the universities of 
France, England, and Germany. 

HONORARY DEGREES. 

The honorary degree of LL. D. was bestowed on Hon. George M. 
Stroud, of Philadelphia, of the class of 1871 ; J. A. Thomas, M. A., M- 
D., of Pennsylvania; William Cullen Bryant, New York ; and Eev. John 
Forsyth, professor at West Point Military Academy — 4; that of D. D. ? 
on Kev. William Irvin, of Troy, New York, and Rev. Daniel S. Gregory, 
professor at Wooster University, Ohio — 2 ; that of A. M. on John J. Mc- 
Cook, of New York — 1. 

NEW DEPARTMENTS. 

The new departments added during the year were a school of science 
and a preparatory school. 

The students in the School of Science will receive thorough instruction 
in mathematics, mechanics, physics, chemistry, (general and applied,) 
geology, physical geography, zoology, botany, mineralogy, with English 
composition ; and will- be required to make' a selection of a limited 
number of studies from among the literary branches taught in the 
academic department, such as Latin or Greek, French, German, English 
literature, history, logic, ethics, psychology, political economy, inter 
national law, and natural tbeology. 

A course of a high kind will be arranged for students who, after 
taking the degree of Bachelor of Arts, wish to pursue further scientific 
studies. On those completing this course, the degree of " Doctor of 
Science" or "Doctor of Philosophy" may be bestowed. 

There will be a carefully prepared course for those who wish a scientific 
education, with a fair literary culture, without being required to pursue 
classical or high philosophical studies. This course may extend over 
three years, and those completing it receive such a degree as that of 
Bachelor of Science. 

CHANGES IN THE CURRICULUM. 

The experiment now making at Princeton is to include both a high, 
school and a university within the scope of a college. To this end the 
392 



97 

system employed is conservative in one respect, and progressive in 
another. Freshmen and sophomores are thoroughly drilled in the clas- 
sics of the advanced high-schools, and juniors and seniors are permitted 
to select for themselves all the studies of a regular university-course. 
The courses require for both admission and graduation a severe exami- 
nation in the fundamental branches of Latin, Greek, and mathematics, 
and thus solid acquirements are combined with a good degree of philo- 
sophical and literary culture. 

NEW PROFESSORSHIPS CREATED. 

The professorship of physics, the professorship of analytical chemistry 
and mineralogy, and the professorship of natural history. An assistant 
professor of rhetoric and an associate professor of mathematics were 
also appointed. 

GIFTS. 

Since the commencement of 1872 the college has received, by donation 
from Mr. JohnC. Green, of New York, for library, $120,000 ; for School 
of Science, $100,000; for librarian's-salary fund, $40,000. From Mr. 
John O. Blair, $10,000. From a gentleman, whose name is not given, 
$10,000. From alumni, to increase professors' salaries, $6,000. From 
Mr. Henry Marquand, of New York, toward building a new college- 
chapel, $100,000. 

NEW BUILDINGS. 

The new buildings added during the year were the library, costing 
$120,000, and a school of science, costing $100,000, both gifts of Mr. 
John C. Green, of New York. 

PUBLICATIONS. 

An article on Berkeley, in the Princeton Beview, by President Mc- 
Cosh 5 annual catalogue ; triennial catalogue, and circulars of school of 
science and preparatory school. 

ENDOWMENTS, ETC., SINCE 1869. 

The following statement shows the benefactions to the college since 
the coming of Dr. McCosh to the presidency in 1869. Several of the 
amounts named above, under the head of gifts, having been bestowed 
since the publication of this statement, are not included therein : 

Presidential endowment-fund $63, 000 

Gymnasium and site given by Robert Bonner and H. G. Marquand 3d, 000 

Dickinson Hall, H. C. Green, donor 87,000 

Elizabeth foundation-fund 25, 000 

Reunion Hall, (dormitory) 30,000 

Museum 3, 000 

7 E 193 



98 

For the professorship of continental languages $10,000 

For the professorship of science and religion 10, 000 

For the professorship of mathematics 30, 000 

Prize of the class of 1859 1,000 

Fellowship of the class of 1860 10, 000 

.Scholarship of Samuel Hamil 1,000 

Stiunecke fund 9,000 

College organ 2, 500 

New library, by John C. Green 120,000 

School of Science, by John C. Green 200,000 

Prize of class of 1861 1,200 

Increase of Robert Lenox professorship 5, 000 

Marquand fund— for preparatory school, $30,000 ; not assigned, $75,000 105, 000 

Additional scholarships 5, 180 

Additions to gymnasium-lot 6,000 

Professorship of mining and engineering, in part by George J. Magie 5, 000 



RUTGERS COLLEGE, NEW BRUNSWICK. 

The commencement exercises of Rutgers College began on Friday 
preceding baccalaureate-Sunday, with the reading: of theses by twelve 
members of the scientific division of the graduating class, before the 
board of visitation, in the college-chapel. 

ALUMNI-MEETING. 

At the alumni-meeting on Tuesday, a report was read recommending 
application to the legislature for an act incorporating the Society of the 
Alumni. The report was adopted, together with a draught of a consti- 
tution and by-laws. 

The alumni then presented, through a committee, to the college, fine 
portraits in oil, handsomely framed, of Dr. John Knox, a collegiate- 
church clergyman of fifty years ago; James Van Campen Rorneyn, 
D. D., a trustee for thirty years and one of the Reformed Church 
fathers; Peter Spader, college-trustee for thirty years, and Tunis Quick, 
another old friend of tbe college. The institution now possesses a gallery 
of about thirty large oil-portraits, which adorn the chapel in handsome 
style. 

ORATION BEFORE THE ALUMNI. 

The annual oration before the alumni was delivered by the Rev. Theo- 
dore B. Rorneyn, taking for his subject "The college as a conservative 
force." It was an argument in favor of a classical education as against 
tbe " ultra-utilitarian method" of training. 

After the oration tbe alumni proceeded to the Geological Hall, where 
a collation was spread, at the conclusion of which the usual speeches 
resulted in gifts to the amount of $50,000. The most important gift was 
that of J. W. Schermerhorn. 
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99 

NEW PROFESSORSHIP OF ENGLISH LITERATURE AND JOURNALISM. 

Mr. Scherrnerhorn offered to the college one-half of the net proceeds 
of his mines in Morris County, until the sum of $45,000 shall be accu- 
mulated; this shall then be taken to found a professorship of English 
literature and journalism. Mr. Scherrnerhorn gives permission to the 
college to appoint the professors and begin instruction before the 
$45,000 is obtained. 

OTHER GIFTS. 

Justice Bradley gave $1,000 toward a dormitory, and agreed to. fill 
one alcove of the library; President Campbell, P. H. Duryea, of New- 
ark, and Dr. Chambers, of the New York Collegiate Church, gave $500 
each for the dormitory ; the Kev. Dr. J. B. Thompson, representa- 
tive of the Free Church of Italy, the sou of C. H. Winfield, of Jersey 
City, aud the Bev. P. Q. Wilson each gave $100; the Bev. Dr. Schenck, 
of Monmouth; Alexander Hamilton, son of the great statesman of the 
same name ; the Bev. Dr. Le Fevre, of Baritan ; the Bev. Dr. Berry, of 
Montclair, and another gentleman, gave each $50 — all to the dormitory. 
Professor John C. Smock, of the college, presented the library with 
complete sets, in French, of the Journal des Mines and Annates des 
Mines, 140 volumes, worth $300 — a work now very difficult to obtain 
entire; C. H. Winfield, of Jersey City, agreed to fill an alcove with 
books, and Dr. Schenck, of Monmouth, gave 50 volumes. 

C03DIENCEMENT-DAY. — DEGREES CONFERRED. 

The exercises of commencement-day were held in the Beformed Church 
on Wednesday, June 18, and were largely attended. According to the 
published programme, twenty members of the graduating class were 
assigned orations and addresses. After the announcement of the prizes 
for excellence in scholarship, the degree of A. B. was conferred upon 
26, and the degree of Sc. B. upon 13 of the graduates by President 
Campbell. The degree of A. M. was conferred upon 18, and the degree 
of Sc. M. upon 6 candidates in course. 

The following scientific graduates received the degree of Civil Engi- 
neer : 

Professor Albert E. Bowser ; George Howell, division engineer on 
Pennsylvania Bailroad ; William E. Kelley, proprietor of National Iron 
Works at New Brunswick ; Floyd M. Vanderhoef, civil engineer on 
Pennsylvania Bailroad, of the class of 18G8, and James K. Barton, of 
1871—5. 

HONORARY DEGREES. 

The honorary degree of Pb. D. was conferred on George Washington 
Hill, of class of 1859, now of the Nautical Almanac Office — 1 ; that of A. 

195 



100 

M. on Bev. J. G. Crate, of Pemberton, New Jersey ; C. Bidgley Good- 
win, of Baltimore, Maryland — 2 ; that of D.D., on Bevs. John Steele, 
Paterson ; William Hays Ward, New York ; E. M. Stratton, Yonkers ; 
E. W. Appleton, of Cheltenham, Pennsylvania; Abel T. Stewart, Hol- 
land, Michigan ; Isaac S. Hartley, Utica, New York ; and Augustus 
Blauvelt, Kingston, New York — 7. That of LL. D. on Bev. William Henry 
Green, professor of Hebrew in Princeton College ; Professor David 
Murray, Ph. D., commissioner of education in Japan — 2. 

LEGACIES. 

The following legacies were received during the year: $20,000 from 
James Suydam, New York ; $3,000 from Miss Harriman, Brooklyn. 



One thousand dollars from Jacob H. Ten Eyck, Albany ; $45,000 from 
J. W. Schermerhorn, New York City, to found a professorship of Eng- 
lish literature and journalism. 



There have been contributed to the library $100 in cash, and books 
valued at $800. 

MUSEUM. 

Considerable additions of various descriptions have been made to the 
museum during the year. At the collation of the alumni several gen- 
tlemen subscribed the sum of $2,457 to purchase cases for the collections 
in natural history in Geological Hall. 

NEW BUILDINGS. 

The new building, which, but for the accidental falling of a wall, would 
have been ready for dedication, is the Sophia Astley Kirkpatrick Memo- 
rial Chapel, a large, handsome brown-stone structure, costing $60,000. 
It will contain a handsome chapel, finished in black walnut, with a seat- 
ing capacity of 500, a spacious library-room, and rooms for the board 
of trustees and the president. It is the gift of the lady whose name it 
bears. 

The college contemplates building a new dormitory at a cost of 
$30,000, for which a part of the money is already raised. Four thou- 
sand dollars of the required amount were subscribed for this object at the 
alumni-dinner. 



196 



101 

PUBLICATIONS. 

Manual on Surveying, by Professor David Murray. 12°. J. W. 
Schermerhorn & Co., publishers, New York City ; Rutgers College Tar- 
gum^ a monthly paper published by the students. 



SETON HALL COLLEGE, SOUTH OBANGE. 

The seventeenth annual commencement of Seton Hall College was 
held June 25, a large number of clergy and laity being in attendance. 
The Eight Eev. M. A. Corrigan, bishop of Newark, still retains his posi- 
tion as president of the college, and so presided and distributed the 
degrees and awards of merit to the young gentlemen. 

After the speaking by five members of the graduating class, William 
H. Dornin, A. B., delivered the " master's oration," his subject being 
" Mankind elevated by labor." He compared, favorably for the former, 
manual labor and the mechanic arts with the uncertainties in the 
crowded learned professions. 

DEGREES CONFERRED. 

The degree of A. B. was conferred on 7 young gentlemen of the 
graduating class ; 5 former graduates received the degree of A. M. in 
course. 

One gentleman, name not given, received the degree of A. M., causa 
honoris. 

LIBRARY. 

The increase of the library during the year was 200 volumes. 



197 



PENNSYLVANIA 



UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, PHILADELPHIA. 

This venerable institution, sixth in order of age of all the collegesin 
the United States, under its present active president has taken recently 
such great strides in advance, broadening its course, improving its loca- 
tion, erecting for itself new buildings of the finest kind, and securing a 
vast increase of endowment, that more than usual interest attaches to 
its record for the year just past. 

COMMENCEMENT-DA Y. 

The one hundred and sixteenth commencement of the college occurred 
on Thursday, June 26. As usual, the exercises were held in the largest 
audience-chamber in the city, the grand Academy of Music, at Locust 
and Broad streets, and the public interest in them was manifested by the 
rapid filling of this great edifice upon the early opening of its doors. 
At 11 o'clock the graduates, preceded by the board of trustees and 
faculty, appeared upon the stage, and were received with warm applause. 
The provost, being a layman, called on the vice-provost, the Rev. Dr. 
Krauth, to offer the opening prayer, after which six members of the 
graduating class delivered addresses, and Harold Goodwin, of the class 
of 1870, the master's oration, "On education as, next to Christianity, 
the great ageucy for the civilization of the world." 

The degree of A. B. iu course was then conferred on 25 graduates of 
the department of arts, and that of Sc. B. on 11 from the department of 
science. From the Law School, 8 were gifted with LL. B. ; and from the 
Medical, 5, who had after graduation pursued two courses of extra 
studies under the auxiliary faculty of medicine, had that of Ph. D. 
The Medical School, at the close of its course in March, had given the 
diploma of M. D. in course to 99 graduates. 

The degree of A. M. in course was bestowed on 13 members of the 
college-class of 1870. 

HONORARY DEGREES. 

Only one gentleman, the Rev. J. W. Robins, principal of the Phila- 
delphia Episcopal Academy, was madeD. D., and one, the Rev. J.Emlen 
Hare, D. D., of the West Philadelphia Divinity School, LL. D. 

NEW DEPARTMENT. 

The trustees of the university, desirous to fully meet the needs of the 
time, established in the summer of 1872 a new faculty, to be known as 
193 



103 

the department of science, winch entered on its work at the beginning 
of the term of 1872-'73. In a city where the manufacturing industry of 
the population now turns forth daily products of a million of dollars in 
value, the creation of such a department was especially demanded, and 
its establishment rounds out completely the circle of instruction sanc- 
tioned by the charter, the department of arts having been established 
in 1755 ; that of medicine in 1765 ; that of law in 1789 ; and that of the 
auxiliary faculty of medicine in 1861. Instruction in theology is ex- 
cluded by the charter. The new department is officered by seven pro- 
fessors, additional to nine connected with the college proper, and to 
those of the connected Schools of Law and Medicine. 

NEW PROFESSORS APPOINTED WITHIN THE YEAR. 

George F. Barker, M. D., to the chair of physics. 

Lewis M. Haupt to that of assistant professor of civil engineering. 

NEW PROFESSORSHIP CREATED. 

That of civil and mechanical engineering, endowed with $50,000 by 
Asa Whitney, esq., of Philadelphia, and to be known as the " Whitney 
professorship." 

BENEFACTIONS. 

About $14,000 for several objects, mostly in subscriptions of small 
amounts from many individuals. 



The library, owing to its removal aud large increase, both by gifts 
and purchase, is yet unarranged in its new rooms. The estimated 
increase from all sources for the year is about 15,000 volumes. 

Valuable collections of books have been presented by the families of 
the late Stephen Col well, esq. 5 the late Evan Rogers, esq.; and the late 
Dr. Charles M. Wetherill, while a living friend has appropriated a large 
sum for the purchase of a complete collection of works on engineering. 



The museum of the college, already quite extensive, has been increased 
during the year past by the purchase of a valuable collection of minerals, 
said to be one of the finest in the Uuited States, while the students 
have ready access also to the splendid collections of the Philadelphia 
Academy of Natural Sciences. 

The Wistar aud Horner museum of the Medical School, founded nearly 
one hundred years ago, and now of great extent, receives annually large 
accessions, and that of Dr. George B. Wood, unrivaled in extent aud 
value for illustrating diseases of the internal organs and the skin, has 
been substantially incorporated with it. 

199 



104 

NEW BUILDINGS. 

A magnificent new building, forming probably the finest existing 
college-edifice in America, has been completed and occupied during the 
past year. The design of this building, which is at the corner of Locust 
street and Darby Road, West Philadelphia, is what is known as the 
eollegiate-gothic. The structure consists of a main central building, 
with connected eastern and western wings, which are completed by 
towers surmounted with spires. The front, on Locust street, extends 254 
feet in length, with a depth at the center of 124 feet. The western wing 
has been arranged for the use of the department of arts, the eastern for 
that of the department of science, while certain portions of the center 
are intended for the common use of both departments, such as the chapel, 
library, and assembly-room. 

The whole cost of this noble edifice has been $235,910, exclusive of 
the ground, for which, (ten and a quarter acres,) $82,184 were paid. 'But 
as the trustees have since effected a sale of their old site in the city to 
the Government of the United States for more than twice what the new 
building and ground have cost them, the university will be the gainer 
by its transfer of location to the amount of something like $300,000 of 
additional endowment. 

In addition to the new college thus secured, two other noble struc- 
tures, one for the medical department of the university, the other for 
a free hospital to be under its control, have had their foundations laid 
on the same grounds, the subscriptions for the erection of them amount- 
ing to about $200,000 each. When these shall have been completed, 
the University of Pennsylvania will stand, in respect to buildings for its 
use, in the forefront of the colleges of the United States. 

1 PUBLICATIONS. 

Tlie annual catalogue, special announcement of the organization and 
courses of study of the new department of science, and Proceedings at the 
inauguration of the building for the departments of arts and sciences in the 
University of Pennsylvania. 



LAFAYETTE COLLEGE, EASTON. 

The exercises of commencement-week opened on Sunday morning, 
June 29, with the baccalaureate address and sermon, by President 
Cattell. His text was, " Thou thoughtest that I was altogether such an 
one as thyself;" from Psalms, 50:21. The aim of the discourse was to 
show that men, left to their unaided reason, must conceive of God as a 
being like themselves, and that the Bible, correcting these errors and 
presenting the only object of supreme worship that satisfies our reason 
and moral sense, is a Divine revelation. 



105 

The conclusion of his discourse was devoted to the claims of the vol- 
ume we hold to be thus inspired, demanding for it the highest place 
among the books of a college course, and urging also that in the classi- 
cal curriculum the Latin and Greek writings of authors imbued with the 
spirit of the Bible should be preferred to those of heathen authors. 

ALUMNI-DAT. 

The reunion of the Washington and Franklin Literary Societies took 
place Tuesday morning upon the college-hill. In the evening, before 
these literary societies, in First Presbyterian Church, President James 
McCosh, of Princeton College, delivered the annual oration. He pre- 
faced his address by saying that he came to speak as an act of neighbor- 
ly courtesy. Lafayette and Princeton were rivals in no other sense than 
in their efforts to see which of them could do the most good. Princeton 
College took great pride in the fact that she had furnished to Lafayette 
its honored president, who was one of her alumni, and he expressed 
the hope that, under the blessing of Divine Providence, both institu- 
tions might be enabled to make their influence for good more powerfully 
felt than ever. He then delivered his oration, which was on " Faith." 
Upon its conclusion the orchestra played a selection of Scotch national 
airs, as a compliment to the distinguished head of Princeton. 

PARDEE HALL. 

In the afternoon of alumni-day occurred the dedication of a new 
building for the scientific department, the fruit of a donation by A. 
Pardee, esq., of Hazelton, Pennsylvania. 

President Cattell made a brief statement of the purposes of the build- 
ing to be erected upon the massive foundations around which they were 
gathered. In 1869, Mr. Pardee became convinced that the large and 
constantly increasing number of students in the scientific department 
demanded much larger accommodations, and that a new building should 
be erected, with extensive laboratories for analytical chemistry, furnace- 
accommodations for the metallurgists, drawing-rooms for the engineers, 
halls for the various scientific collections, together with commodious 
lecture- and recitation-rooms. Upon the return of the president from 
Europe with plans of the most celebrated technical schools of the Old 
World, the professors, after much consultation and study, prepared the 
ground-plans for the new building. Mr. McArthur, of Philadelphia, 
drew the designs; the building itself, without furniture or appliances, 
to cost $200,000. He then read Mr. Pardee's letter to him, in which he 
assumed the whole cost of the structure, which would be one of the 
most complete for the purposes of technical instruction to be found in 
America. 

Mr. Pardee, being present, modestly said he did not wish the edifice to 

201 



106 

be a monument to any man, but — striking the memorial-block — ex- 
claimed, " Let this stone remain forever a monument to science." 

COMMENCEMENT-DAY. 

The exercises of commencement-day were held on Wednesday, July 2, 
in the First Presbyterian Church. The programme consisted of orations 
by nineteen members of the graduating class, music, and the conferring 
of degrees. 

DEGREES IN COURSE. 

The number of these was as follows : A. B., 29; Sc. B., 5 ; Min. Eng., 
1 ; C. E., G. 

HONORARY DEGREES. 

The honorary degree of A. B. was conferred on J. E. Schoonover-aud 
James Allen Menard — 2; that of A. M. on Charles Kolbe, professor of 
modern languages, Buchtel College, Ohio ; H. P. Davidson, principal of 
Somerville High-School, New Jersey — 3. 13. D. : J. Howard Nixon, presi- 
dent of Sinclair College, Missouri ; Professor James F. Kennedy, Wilson 
College, Pennsylvania; William O. Johnston, Philadelphia, Pennsyl- 
vania ; Joseph E. Nassau, Warsaw, New York; J. Lynn Withrow, Phila- 
delphia, Pennsylvania — 5. LL.D. : J. P. Wickersham, superintendent of 
common schools, Pennsylvania ; J. Harrison Thompson, professor of 
astronomy, Hanover College, Indiana — 2. 

BENEFACTIONS. 

The sum of $1,000 was presented to the college by Mr. Hollenbach, of 
Wilkesbarre. 

SCHOLARSHIP. 

A prize of $200 was established to be given to the best classical 
scholar. 

NEW BUILDINGS. 

Pardee Hall, for the scientific department, is approaching completion. 
The total expense of the building ($200,000) was borne by the gentleman 
whose name it bears. A new chapel was built from the college-funds at 



OTHER GIFTS. 

A fine collection of minerals, formerly belonging to Rev. Dr. Beadle, 
was presented to the college by Hon. William H. Kemble. Dr. Thomas 
Evans, of Paris, presented a copy of the celebrated picture of La Fayette, 
by Healy. 

202 



107 

PATRISTIC STUDIES. 

The college, during the past year, has established an additional eourse 
in the classics, in which the Latin and Greek of Christian authors only 
are read. This patristic course was endowed last commencement by Mr. 
Benjamin Douglass, formerly of New York City, to meet the objection 
that some entertain against placing the heathen classics in the hands 
of students on account of their demoralizing influence. At the begin- 
ning of the last college-year the freshmen were offered the choice be- 
tween these two courses, and a fair proportion selected the patristic 
course. Professor March has been busy preparing the necessary text- 
books, prizes have been established, and the success of the experiment 
seems to be assured. The regular classical course, similar to that ex- 
isting in other colleges, remains unchanged. 

DECEASED PROFESSORS. 

At the alumni-meeting, brief addresses were made commemorative 
of the Rev. George Junkin, D. D., LL.D., the first president of the col- 
lege, and of Professor James H. Coffin, LL.D., recently deceased. Meas- 
ures were taken to endow the professorships once so ably filled by them, 
to be called the George Junkin professorship and the James H. Coffin 
professorship. 



PENNSYLVANIA COLLEGE, GETTYSBUEG. 

The annual commencement-exercises of this institution began on 
Sunday, June 22, with the baccalaureate-sermon by President Valen- 
tine, whose theme was, " Knowledge by service." In the evening Rev. 
S. Domer, of Shamokin, delivered an address on "Christian union" 
before the Christian Association of the college. 

THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. 

On Tuesday evening the Rev. Dr. Zeigler, of Selin's Grove, delivered 
the Holman lecture on the Augsburg Confession before the alumni of 
the Theological Seminary. At the conclusion of the lecture diplomas 
were presented by Dr. Brown, in behalf of the seminary, to six young 
men, three others being absent, and one remaining for a fourth year's 
studies, thus making a class of ten. 

MEETING OF THE BOARD OF COLLEGE-TRUSTEES. 

At the meeting of the board steps were taken to further the plans for 
the endowment of the college. Rev. Reuben A. Fink was elected 
financial secretary, and resolutions were passed urging synods to endow 
professorships. 

203 



108 

RESIGNATION OP THE PRESIDENT. 

Dr. Valentine resigned the office of president to again accept the pro- 
fessorship in the Theological Seminary made vacant five years ago by 
his acceptance of the presidency of the college. 

COMMENCEMENT-DAY. 

The exercises of commencement-day came on Thursday, when 13 
members of the graduating class delivered orations. The master's 
oration was pronounced by J. L. Kindlehart, of Gettysburg. 

DEGREES CONFERRED IN COURSE. 

The degree of A. B. was conferred on 15 graduates of the year ; the 
degree of A. M. on 16 former graduates. 

HONORARY DEGREES. 

The honorary degree of A. B. was conferred on Malcolm O. Smith ; 
that of Ph. 1). on Bev. Professor Samuel Aughey. 

NEW PROFESSORS. 

John A. Himes, A. M., was appointed professor of English language 
and literature. 

BENEFACTIONS. 

Since the last commencement the sum of $11,000 has been presented 
to the college by various donors. 

LIBRARY. 

The increase of the library during the year was 200 volumes of books 
and 100 pamphlets, of which 100 volumes of books and 40 pamphlets 
were gifts. 

NEW BUILDINGS. 

A new gymnasium was built during the year, at a cost of $3,000. 

PUBLICATIONS. 

Catalogue of the college for 1872-73 ; four programmes of public 
exercises. 



SWABTHMOEE COLLEGE, SWABTHMORE. 

Swarthmore College, inaugurated in 1869 under the auspices of the 
Society of Friends, held its annual commencement on Monday, June 18. 

204 



109 

The occasion was one of peculiar interest to the patrons and friends of 
the college, from the fact that the graduating class was the first to 
complete the full college-course. 

'The exercises of commencement-day consisted of the salutatory- 
oration in Latin by Miss Helen H. Magill, original addresses by several 
young ladies of the class, and the valedictory address by Miss L. M. C. 
Pierce. 

DEGREES. 

At the conclusion of the speaking President Magill conferred the 
degree of Baccalaurea Artium on the graduating class of 6 young ladies. 

NEW DEPARTMENT. 

A department of civil engineering was added during the year. 

NEW PROFESSORS APPOINTED. 

W. H. Appleton, A. M., to the chair of Greek and German ; Eugene 
Paulin, A. M., to the chair of Prench and Latin; Arthur Beardsley, 
C. E., to the chair of civil engineering. 

BENEFACTIONS. 

The sum of $15,000 was received during the year in small donations. 

LIBRARY. 

The number of volumes added during the year was 200. The sum of 
$600 was received from the P. O. fund. 

MUSEUM. 

Gifts amounting to about $2,000 were received for the museum. 

DEGREES CONFERRED BY THE COLLEGE. 

The degree of A. B. is conferred upon students who complete the 
classical course, and pass the examinations in the same. 

The degree of Sc. B. is conferred upon students who complete the sci- 
entific course, and pass the examinations in the same. 

The degree of C. E. is conferred upon students who complete the 
course of civil engineering and pass the examinations in the same. 

The degree of A. M., or of Sc. M., will be given three years after grad- 
uation, to those students who, after receiving the degree of A. B. or 
of Sc. B., shall have engaged, during that period, in professional or in 
literary and scientific studies. 

Every facility is offered to those who wish to become proficient in 
special departments. Students not candidates for degrees may pursue 
their studies for a single year, or for a longer period, in any classes 

205 



110 

which they are qualified to enter; and be entitled to certificates of pro- 
ficiency in any department in which they shall have completed the re- 
quired studies, and passed a satisfactory examination. 

CO-EDUCATION. 

On this subject the managers in their last annual report say : " Before 
passing from the subject of instruction, we should once more add our 
testimony to the general verdict now being pronounced in favor of the 
co-education of the sexes in our higher institutions of learning. If it 
could, with any propriety, be called an experiment at the time of the 
opening of Swarthmore, it can surely be no longer so regarded. In our 
western colleges co-education is now the rule, separation the exception. 
In one of the Western States, containing a population of a million and 
a quarter, and more colleges, with actual college-classes, than any State 
in New England, women are admitted to every one, and with the best 
results. Nor is co-education confined to the West alone. The older 
colleges of the East are moving in this matter, and some have already 
opened their doors for the admission of women. The University of 
Vermont now numbers seven young women among her undergraduates, 
and they are reported as fully equal in scholarship to their classmates of 
the other sex. Without dwelling at length upon this subject, it is suffi- 
cient to say, in this report, that co-education at Swarthmore continues 
to be, as heretofore, entirely satisfactory to all who have witnessed its 
results. Its effects are mutually beneficial upon the two sexes, both as 
to scholarship and character." 



POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE OP PENNSYLVANIA, PHILADEL- 
PHIA. 

The exercises of the twenty-sixth annual commencement of this col- 
lege were held in the Academy of Music, on Monday evening, June 23. 

Addresses were made by Hon. G. W. Woodward, of Philadelphia, 
Hon. H. B. Palmer, of Luzerne, and Hon. I. Wayne McVeagh, of Harris- 
burg, and by members of the graduating class. 

DEGREES CONFERRED. 

The degree of A. B. was couferred on 17 graduates of the year. 

Two gentlemen received the degree of A. M. ; whether in course, or 
honorary, is not stated in the notice from which the above information 
is derived. 



Ill 

EBANKLIN AND MARSHALL COLLEGE, LANCASTER. 

The annual commencement of this college occurred on Thursday, 
June 26. 

DEGREES. 

A. B. in course, 14; A. M. in course, 5. 

HONORARY DEGREES. 

The honorary degree of A, M. was conferred on 2 ; that of D. D. on 
6; and that of LL. D. on 1. The names of the recipients were not 
reported. 

NEW PROFESSORS. 

The Rev. Walter E. Krebs, A. M., was appointed to the chair of math- 
ematics and history; Rev. Daniel M. Wolf to that of Greek and Latin 
languages and literature. 

NEW PROFESSORSHIP. 

The alumni-professorship of English literature was created during 
the year. The endowment of $25,000 is about half completed. 

BENEFACTIONS. 

The college has received during the year gifts from various donors 
amounting to $8,000. 

NEW BUILDINGS. 

An academy designed partly for the preparatory school of the college 
was built during the year, at a cost of $15,000. 



LINCOLN" UNIVERSITY, OXFORD. 

The commencement-exercises of this institution, which is for the edu- 
cation of colored youth, took place on the 18th of June. In a grove 
not more than twenty yards from the university-buildings a large canvas 
awning was spread, inclosing seats for about 1,000 persons. The trus- 
tees, professors, distinguished friends of the institution, and the gradu- 
ating class occupied the platform. The exercises began with prayer by 
the president, followed by the speeches of eleven youug men of the 
graduating class. 

DEGREES. 

The degree of A. B. was conferred on 11 graduates of the year. 



207 



112 



RECEPTION OF LIBERIAN YOUTHS. 



The Eev. J. M. Dickey, T>. D., president of the board of trustees, 
in a brief address made reference to ten African lads who, three or four 
days before, had arrived in this city from Liberia. " Youths from China 
and Japan are coming over to us," he said, " in large numbers to be edu- 
cated. The governments of those heathen lands have their own ends in 
view in supporting these students, but God also has his purposes to be 
accomplished through their instrumentality. Trusting to the Christian 
liberality of the friends of the race and of African progress to sustain 
them while pursuiug their studies here, the missionaries of the Pres- 
bytery of West Africa have sent these lads to us, and in the same con- 
fidence the trustees have received them. Thus is Ethiopia fulfilling the 
prophecy and 'stretching out her hands unto God 5' sending to us her 
sons that through them she may receive from us a knowledge of the 
works, the word, and the will of God. Shall we not honor their con- 
fidence ? Shall we not do for them this, which in the light of history 
we plainly see we owe them'P 



UNIVERSITY AT LEWISBUBG. 

This institution includes within it a department for females as well as 
one for males, conducted 'under different roofs, but having the same 
presidency and government. 

On Monday evening, June 23, the alumni of the university held their 
public exercises in Commencement Hall, when an oration was delivered 
by the Eev. I. C. Wynn, of Camden, New Jersey, on " The Christian 
scholar, the conservator of the national liberties." 

On the afternoon of Tuesday, the 24th, the graduating exercises of the 
female department were held, when fourteen young ladies read essays or 
delivered addresses, and thirteen received the gold medal, which is, at 
Lewisburg, indicative of the attainment of a prescribed excellence in 
scholarship. 

On Wednesday was the university-commencement, when, after prayer 
by Professor Bliss, thirteen young gentlemen delivered addresses and 
received the following degrees in course: A. E., 10 5 Sc. B., 3; besides" 
3 A. M. in course. 

HONORARY DEGREES. 

A. M.: on Aug. C. Norris, Kennett Sqitftre, Pennsylvania, and Hiram. 
F. Eeed, agricultural and commercial editor of National Baptist — 2. D. 
D. : on Eev. William Cathcart, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Eev. 
Charles Keyser, Trenton, New Jersey — 2. LL. D. : on Professor Charles 
E. Hamlin, of Colby University, Maine — 1. 

208 



113 

NEW DEPARTMENT. 

That of the French and German languages. 

LIBRARY. 

Increase of library for the year, 150 volumes. 



MUHLENBERG COLLEGE, ALLENTOWN. 

The quarto-centennial anniversary of what was first the Allentown 
Seminary, then the Allentown Collegiate Institute, and finally Muhlen- 
berg College, was held on Wednesday evening, June 25, when a complete 
and interesting history of its progress upward to its present stand was 
given by the Eev. F. J. F. Shantz, A. M. 

The commencement-exercises came on Thursday, the 26th, in the Opera- 
House of Allentown, when, after music, prayer, and the customary Latin 
salutatory, addresses in English and German were delivered by eleven stu- 
dents ; the German evidently finding special favor in that German neigh- 
borhood. One noteworthy feature of the occasion was a well-delivered 
speech upon what was called " The lost art of official integrity." An 
address from President Muhlenberg to the graduating class was followed 
by the bestowment of the following degrees : 

IN COURSE. 

A. B., 19 5 A. M., 7. No honorary degrees were given. 

'new professorship. 

A new professorship has been reported as created and endowed with 
a fund of $25,000 ; but neither the title of the chair nor the name of the 
selected incumbent are given. 

ENDOWMENT-FUND. 

The total amount of present endowment is reported to be $12,000. 

LIBRARY. 

The library has received in the past year in gifts of books 100 vol- 
umes ; in gifts of money, $25. 



LEBANON VALLEY COLLEGE, ANNVILLE. 

The baccalaureate-sermon was preached on Sunday, the 8th of June, 
by Bev. Bishop J. Weaver, of Baltimore, to a large congregation in the 
college-chapel. 

Se 

209 



114 

COMMENCEMENT. 

On Thursday niorniug the commencement proper took place. The 
exercises were participated in by the graduating class of four. After 
music, prayer, the Latin salutatory, and orations delivered by two mem- 
bers of the class, the baccalaureate-degree of A. B. was conferred by the 
president upon a gentleman-graduate, that of A. M. on a lady, and the 
scientific diploma of Sc. B. upon two gentlemen. 

HONORARY DEGREE. 

The honorary degree of D. D. was conferred upon Bishop Glossbreuner, 
of Dayton, Ohio. 

NEW DEPARTMENT. 

A theological department has been added during the year to the cur- 
riculum of the college. 

NEW PROFESSORS. 

Two new professors have been appointed to fill vacancies in the chairs 
of natural science and moral philosophy. Names not given. 

BENEFACTIONS. 

The college has received since last commencement donations in money 
to the amount of $2,800. 

CO-EDUCATION. 

The institution is open to ladies as well as to gentlemen. The two sexes 
recite in the same classes, while the buildings and grounds for them are 
separate. 

DEPARTMENTS OF STUDY. 

The curriculum of the college has heretofore embraced three courses, 
the classical, the ladies', and the scientific, each of which is separate from 
the rest, yet complete in itself. To these, as above mentioned, a theo- 
logical one is now added. 



AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE OF PENNSYLVANIA, CENTRE 

COUNTY. 

The commencement-exercises of this institution began on Sunday, 
July 27, with the baccalaureate sermon by the president, Rev. James 
D. 1 
210 



115 

COMMENCEMENT. 

The regular commencement occurred on Thursday, the intervening 
time being occupied by class-examinations. An interesting feature of 
the graduating exercises was the awarding of a prize to each member of 
the class. One of these, the Calder prize, established by Mrs. Eliza D. 
Calder, was given to one of .the lady graduates for excellence in cooking 
and laundry-work. 

The class numbered five, three gentlemen and two ladies, upon each 
of whom was conferred the degree of Sc. B. 

NEW PROFESSORS. 

Two new professors were appointed during the year, namely : Hiram 
Collierj A. M., professor of general and agricultural chemistry and 
physics, and JohnF. Downey, Sc. M., adjunct professor of mathematics, 
and military instructor. • 



DICKENSON COLLEGE, CABLISLE. 

The ninetieth anniversary of Dickinson, the thirty-sixth since its trans- 
fer from Presbyterian into Methodist hands, occurred on Thursday, June 
26. As the first under the presidency of Dr. James A. McCauley, it excited 
more than usual interest. The only preliminary exercise of much edu- 
cational importance was an oration before the alumni by Judge Walters, 
of Harford County, Maryland, on "The influence of college-life," in 
which he spoke of the special value at this day of a real education, in 
which a thorough knowledge is imparted and the highest measure of 
intellectual development secured, classing as one of the dangerous evils 
of the times power-worship, and as not the least dangerous form of this, 
a disposition to magnify mere knowledge, without due training of the 
heart and intellect. 

The graduating class numbered 18, one having failed in the final 
examinations. On all these the degree of A. B. was conferred in 
course. 

HONORARY DEGREES. 

Only three honorary degrees were bestowed, that of A. M. on General 
Albright, of Mauch Chunk, Pennsylvania — 1 ; that of D. D. on the Eev. 
William J. Stephenson, of Philadelphia — 1 ; and that of LL. D. on the 
Eev. George E. Crooks, D. D., formerly professor in the college, and now 
of New York — 1. 

Of other things relating to the progress of the college no report has 
been received. 

211 



116 

Table showing the degrees, honorary and in course, conferred in 1873 by the institutions men- 
tioned. 

[Note.— L. B. : Bachelor of Letters; A. B. : Bachelor of Arts ; A. M. : Master of Arts ; Ph. B. : Bach- 
elor of Philosophy ; Ph. D. : Doctor of Philosophy.] 





INSTITUTIONS. 


ALL CLASSES. 


LETTERS. 


PHILOSOPHY. 




All degrees 


L.B. 


A.B. 


A.M. 


Ph.B. 


Ph. r>. 




i 


cS 
o 

a 

o 

W 


s 

- 
- 


n 
o 


1 


r- 



a 
o 
W 


c 


s 


-' 
c 


h 
r- 

B 
o 
W 


5 
a 


X 

z 

w 






71 
24 
13 

125 
12 
9 
12 

219 
72 
27 








40 
18 
10 
72 
12 
■ 9 
9 
129 
54 
22 




17 
6 
3 

17 












o 




4 

8 
14 






1 

3 
9 








i 
































5 


Univ. of Vt. and State Agr. College. 
















4 










2 






























8 
















2 


"i 






5 

13 






18 
5 


2 

7 




































1° 
































24 








13 








i 








14 


Massachusetts Agricultural College. 
Worcester Free lust, of Iud. Science. 






















18 

7 
























Ifi 








7 
















17 
























18 




59 
235 
34 
65 
118 
18 
21 
13 
182 
14 
8 
49 
37 
58 
35 
96 
15 
5 
12 
21 


7 
13 
4 
9 
11 






30 
112 
17 
34 

6 
14 
13 

9 
20 
14 

47 
20 
36 
20 
17 




19 
43 
15 
31 

4 

8 
4 
17 


3 
9 


in 

29 


l 






I't 








8 












-'1 








4 
1 










.... 












... 


3 


"1 


College of the City of New York. . . . 
College- of St. Francis Xavier 










94 




































9fi 




10 






3 


■-' 








"I 














18 






1 


















•HI 






2 
12 

12 
1 












?o 




13 
5 
3 






4 










;i 
















19 














•i'i 




3 






6 




1 




34 


St. Lawrence University 

Ingham University . 

Syracuse University 


ts 








3 
3 
















36 


8 
1 








6 
6 


2 






1 




37 






13 








38 


"Wells College for Women 
















39 


Alfred University 


11 
151 
69 
12 
161 
40 
31 
6 
19 
25 
11 
16 
26 
4 
5 
18 








76 

25 
29 

15 
G 


1 


4 
75 

18 

13 

"ie" 












40 


12 

1 

12 




1 

7 










II 












1 


4-3 


Seton Hall College 

University of Pennsylvania 

Lafayette' College 

Pennsylvania College 

Swarthruore College 

Polytechnic College of Pennsylvania 
Franklin and Marshall College 


, 








W 








5 




■II 




3 






45 











1 


4fi 












47 






17 




2 
5 












-t- 


3 




14 


2 




6 




49 





1, 






.Ml 




5 


......... 


10 
19 




3 

1 


-J 


........ 






r.i 













5:! 




1 












53 


Agricultural College of Pennsylvania 















54 


3 


-------- 


18 






1 
66 










Total 




3 


404 




■';.-, 


7 




2,333 


182 


4 ' 


1,113 















* At Mount Holyoke Seminary 48 diplomas given; no record of degrees. 



212 



117 



Table showing the degrees, honorary and in course, <Jc. — Continued. 



[ICote.—Sc B. : Bachelor of Science : Sc. M. : Master of Science ; So. D. : Doctor of Science; Agr. 
B. : Bachelor of Agriculture : B. C. E. : Bachelor of Civil Engineering ; C. E. : Civil Engineer ; B. Min . 
Eng. : Bachelor of Mining Engineering ; Min. Eng. : Mining Engineer ; Dyn. Eng. : Dynamical Engi - 
neer; Mus. B. : Bachelor of Music ; Mus. D. : Doctor of Music] 



SCIENCE. 


ART. 




Sc.B. 


Sc M. 


Sc.D. 


Agr. B. 


B. C. E. 


C.E. 


B. Min. 
Eng. 


Min. 
Eng. 


Dyn. 

Eng. 


Mua. B. 


Mus. D. 




6 
1 


3 
= 
o 

w 


o 


>5 

8 



o 

w 


© 


3 
a 

ft 


o 

o 

C 


1 

' a 

o 

W 


c3 
1 


03 

w 


6 
o 


i 

o 
n 
o 
W 


B 

3 


a 
o 

a 
o 

W 


1 
o 

1 


>> 

1 


B 
o 


>~. 

n 
o 

p 




o 

o 

w 


03 

3 
O 


| 

o 

w 






























































































* 














































" 


13 




















2 
























!j 










































* 














































P 


2 

7 




1 








































„ 




1 




















2 
















' 








































'" 














































i 














































| 














































r^ 






















4 
























~ 












































i< 


18 












































15 
























































































i ~ 














































r '. 






















2 












2 












10 


2 






































1 


oil 










































21 


5 




1 
















2 




























































■23 
24 
25 
•20 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 




















































































































5 






































































































































































5 
























6 
o 
45 
6 












































1 










































































(*) 




































































2 








~ 






5 












































































37 
38 




































































































































40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 


13 




6 










































































-41- 

. 5 






























































6 
















































































































































































































































3 






















































































5 























































































































































--------- 
















151 




9 


5 


1 




1 




18 




26 .... 


3 


.... 8 




•' 




2 




1 


















1 





* At Cornell University, one degree of Bachelor of Architecture, in course. 

213 



lis 



Table showing the degree*, honorary and in course. 4 C— Concluded. 

[Note.-D. P.: Bad cli -11 -of Divhiily; D. D.: Doctor of Divinity; M. D.: Doctor o/Meilicine ; D. Den. M. 
Doctor of Dt-ntal Medicine ; LL. B.: Bachelor of Laws ; LL. D.: Doctor of Laws.] 





INSTITUTIONS. 


THEOLOGY. 


MEDICINE. 


LAW. 






D.B. ■ D.D. 


M.D. 


D.Den.M. 


LL. B. 


LL.D. 








- 


- 

3 
c 

w 


c 

z 
o 


08 



w 


5 
- 
3 


c 


6 



a 



i 

5 


- 
3 


c 







1 












14 


















•' 








: 
3 

•2 














1 
3 




























1 








..s. 
















5 


Dniv. of Vt. and >':.;-!■ . . _ 










7 


























7 






2 








41 




j 




30 


















1 






1 
4 




n 






















1 























1 1 






























13 




6 






















;■; 


1 1 


Massachxrsetti - I qllege. 






















14 




























Ifi 


























Ifi 


17 




























17 


18 


























3 
3 
2 


lfi 


1't 




21 






1 
1 

' 
5 


3 








' 15 






10 


'ii 


















-ii 


>1 
























c 'l 












74 








26 






*1 


.,.. 


■ ; 










■>■>, 


>4 




























94 










































t4 










138 






3 


■m; 


r, 






















■>7 






























?R 






























•><i 












■J 
3 
3 
















7 


30 






9 
















































































7 




















































35 












1 


















;ti; 


























1 


V 


(H 


























Sffi 






























30 


Ml 


of New Jersey 








a 
















4 
2 


40 


II 
















II 


4° 
























42 












1 
5 


. 








■ 






1 
2 


4!! 






















44 


























45 






























41; 




Polytechnic College of Pennsylvania. 


























47 


























1 


4fl 




























4fl 










2 
















1 



























51 










1 
















58 




1 






















58 










1 














1 
43 


54 




Total 





















45 




;» 


252 1 1 5 




217 












. 




I 


1 









* At the University of New York, one honorary Doctor of Civil Law. 
t D oc4ors of Sacred Theology. 



214 



B 'II 



